Hindi Ki Chadar-Shri Guru Teg Bahadur Ji

GLOSSARY

• Accession: reaching a rank of position

 • Unusual: strange, remarkable

• Cell: small room for one person

• Temperament: person's nature

 • Longing: having or showing an earnest desire

• Admonish: give a mild warning

 • Culminating: to reach the highest point

• Tyranny: cruel or unjust use of power

 • Plight: difficult or distressing condition

 • Saw: cut a body into two part by using a long blade

 • Unrelenting: not yielding or swerving in determination

• Uphold: support, approve

• Unique: being only one of its kind

• Consternation: surprise and fear 

 

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

 

Ql. For how long did Guru Tegh Bahadur live a solitary life in deep meditation at Bakala near Amritsar?

Ans. Twenty years

 

Q2. Whom did Dhirmal send to kill Guru Tegh Bahadur?

Ans. A Massand named Shihan.

 

Q3. Who looted all the property of the Guru?

Ans. The other accomplice of Shihan.

 

Q4. How did Guru Tegh Bahadur treat Dhirmal who conspired against his life?

Ans. He treated him with divine kindness.

 

Q5. Who was sawed alive by the Mughal official in order to terrify the Guru into submission?

Ans. Bhai Mati Das.

 

Q6. Who was boiled alive by the Mughal official in order to terrify the Guru into submission?

Ans. Bhai Dayal Dass.

 

Q7. Who was burnt alive by the Mughal official in order to terrify the Guru into submission?

Ans. Bhai Sati Das

 

Q8. Who rushed forward and picked up the martyred Guru's severed head?

Ans. Bhai Jaita Ji.

 

Q9. What did Guru Gobind Singh pronounced when Bhai Jaita and two other Sikhs delivered the sacred head to him?

Ans. Rangrette Guru-ke-bete.

 

Q10. Who took away the body of Guru Tegh Bahadur and cremated in their huts?

 Ans. Bhai Lakhi and his son.

 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

 

Ql. What was unusual about the early life of Guru Tegh Bahadur?

Ans. He spent twenty long years in deep meditation in a basement cell in the village, Bakala. He lived a solitary life. He was very religious and quite different from his brothers in temperament and attitude to life.

 

Q2. How did Guru Tegh Bahadur treat Dhirmal who conspired to kill him?

Ans. He remained calm and forgave him for his sin. He advised his devotees to cultivate the divine quality of forgiveness. This incident highlights the forgiving nature of Guru Tegh Bahadur's personality.

 

Q3. How did Guru Tegh Bahadur's son inspire him to offer himself for sacrifice for the sake of Kashmiri Brahmins?

Ans. The Guru told his son Gobind Rai that the faith of Kashmiri Pandits could be saved by the sacrifice of a holy man. His son remarked who could be holier than him. This remark inspired the Guru for the supreme sacrifice.

 

Q4. What did the Mughal officials do in order to terrify the Guru into submission?

Ans. The Mughal officials brutally killed three of his followers before his eyes. Bhai Mati Das was sawed alive. Bhai Dayal Das was boiled alive in hot water. Bhai Sati Das was burnt alive.

 

Q5. How was Guru Tegh Bahadur's body cremated?

Ans. In great confusion created by a sudden storm, Bhai Lakhi and his son picked up the body of the Guru quickly. They concealed it under a heap of cotton in a bullock cart. They took it to their huts in Raisina and set their huts on fire. Thus they secretly cremated the body of the Guru with due respect.

 

Q6. How did nature express her grief at the cruel killing of Guru Tegh Bahadur at the hands of the Mughals?

Ans. Suddenly, the sky grew dark. A furious thunder enveloped the city. It seemed that even nature shed tears of grief at the brutal killing of Guru Tegh Bahadur.

 

Q7. What made Guru Gobind Singh remark: Rangrette Guru-Ke-Bete?

 Ans. In great confusion created by the sudden storm, Bhai Jaita picked up the severed head of the Guru. In the company of two other Sikhs, he delivered the sacred head to his son, the tenth Guru. These three men belonged to a caste that was considered low in those days. Guru Gobind Singh embraced them and remarked: Rangrette Guru-Ke-Bete.

Q8. What is the importance of Gurudwara Rakab Ganj in New Delhi?

Ans. Gurudwara Rakab Ganj is built in the memory of Guru Tegh Bahadur. It is a grand memorial to the unique sacrifice of Guru Tegh Bahadur which he made for the protection of Dharma.

 

Q9. What did Guru Tegh Bahadur lay down his life for?

 Ans. Guru Tegh Bahadur sacrificed his life for the protection of Dharma. He protected the paste-mark, tilak and the sacred thread-janeu.

 

Q10.What is the relevance of the supreme sacrifice of Guru Tegh Bahadur to the social and political climate of our country today?

Ans. Guru Tegh Bahadur sacrificed his life for upholding the human right of freedom of worship. His martyrdom has a great relevance to the social and political climate of our country today. If we follow the Guru's message, many of our social and political problems can be solved.

 

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

 

Q1. Give a pen portrait of Guru Tegh Bahadur?

Ans. Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikhs. From his early life, he was deeply religious and led a solitary life. He spent long twenty years in a basement cell in the village Bakala near Amritsar. He was very kind-hearted and full of compassion. Even at a very young age, once he felt so moved that he gave away his costly dress to a naked boy. Guru Tegh Bahadur was forgiving by nature. He forgave the sin of Dhirmal and advised his followers to cultivate the divine quality of forgiveness. He was the saviour of the Kashmiri Hindus. Kashmiri Pandits appealed him to save their faith from the tyranny of the Mughal ruler, Aurangzeb. He sacrificed his life for the protection of Hinduism. That is why, he is remembered as Hind-Ki-Chadar. His sacrifice has a great relevance to the social and political climate of our country. We should believe in peaceful coexistence of all religions.

 

 

Q2. Relate, in your own words, the heart rending story of Guru Tegh Bahadur's public execution at Delhi?

Ans. Five hundred Brahmins from all over India, led by Pandit Kirpa Ram of Mattan, came to Guru Tegh Bahadur. The Mughal ruler Aurangzeb was forcibly converting the Hindus to Islam. Kashmiri Pandits appealed to the Guru to protect their Dharma. The Guru sent a message to the Mughal ruler that the Kashmiri Pandits would embrace Islam only if Aurangzeb could persuade the Guru to do the same. Guru Tegh Bahadur was arrested and brought to Delhi. The chief Kazi tried hard to persuade him to embrace Islam. But the Guru could not be persuaded to give up his faith. To terrify the Guru, three of his followers were brutally killed before his eyes. The Guru did not waver. He was shut up in a cage. Aurangzeb gave orders to execute the Guru publicly in Chandni Chowk. On November 11, 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur took his early bath and recited the sacred Japuji Sahib. Thereafter he was brought out of the Kotwali and seated on a platform. He sat absorbed in deep meditation. The executioner took out his sword. At one stroke, he severed the Guru's head from the body. People cried in anguish at such brutal killing of a holy man.

 

• The story of Guru Tegh Bahadur’s supreme sacrifice for the freedom of faith in the fanatical age.

• A shining landmark in the history of our land.

• A great relevance for our country to believe in peaceful coexistence of all religions.

 

Early Life of Guru Tegh Bahadur

 

• Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur was born in Amritsar in April 1621. He was the youngest son of Guru Har Gobind.

• His life was most unusual before his accession to the holy Gaddi as the ninth Guru of Sikhs.

• He spent twenty long years in a basement cell in the village of Bakala, near Amritsar.

• He was quite different from his brothers in temperament and attitude to life. He was very compassionate and kind-hearted even from his childhood.

• As a young boy, once he took off his own expensive dress and gave away to a naked boy.

 

Installation as the Ninth Guru

• Guru Tegh Bahadur was installed as the ninth Guru in 1664 at the age of forty-three.

• One of Guru Har Gobind's grandson, Dhirmal, learnt this and lost his temper.

• He sent a Massand named Shihan to kill the Guru. The Guru's life was saved but his ear got a gunshot wound.

• The other accomplice of Shihan looted all the property of the Guru.

• The Guru remained calm.

• He advised his devotees that forgiveness of the sinner was a divine quality which they should cultivate.

 

Standing against the Tyranny of Mughals

• The culminating point in Guru Tegh Bahadur's life was when five hundred brahmins from all over India, led by Pandit Kirpa Ram, came to him.

• Aurangzeb had issued the orders to convert the Hindus to Islam by force.

 • They appealed the Guru to save the Hindu faith from the tyranny of the Mughal ruler.

• The Guru sat absorbed in deep thought.

• His young son Gobind Rai, who was just nine years of age, came there.

 

 

Standing against the Tyranny of Mughals Tyranny

 

• He enquired respectfully what the

 • The Guru told him the sad plight o

 • The young son asked how their faith could be protected.

 • Guru Tegh Bahadur answered, "By the sacrifice of a Holy man." Gobind Rai remarked that nobody could be holier than him.

 • Encouraged by his son's remarks, he told the Kashmiri pandits to go and tell the Mughal rulers that they would agree to embrace Islam if the Mughal rulers could persuade their Guru to be converted to the Muslim faith

. • They conveyed the message to Governor Zabardast Khan. He passed on the news to Aurangzeb.

 

Brutal Killings by the Mughals

 

 • He issued the orders to arrest the Guru and bring him to Delhi immediately.

 • When the Guru reached Agra, huge armed forces of Mughals escorted him to Delhi. Aurangzeb was not in Delhi then.

 • Chief Kazi Wahab-Ullha tried his utmost to persuade the Guru to accept Islam.

 • The Guru would at no cost give up his faith. In order to terrify the Guru into submission, three of his followers were brutally killed before his eyes.

 • Bhai Mati Das was sawed alive.

 • Bhai Dayal Das was boiled in a huge cauldron of hot water. • Bhai Sati Das was burnt alive.

 

Martyrdom

 

• The Guru sat absorbed in deep meditation and did not waver.

• Finding him unrelenting, orders were issued by Aurangzeb to execute him publicly in Chandni chowk.

 • On November 11, 1675 the Guru took his early bath and recited the sacred Japuji Sahib.

• He was brought out of the Kotwali and seated on a platform.

• The executioner took out his sword and severed Guru Tegh Bahadur's head with one stroke of his sword.

• People cried in anguish at such barbarous act.

• Suddenly a dark furious thunderstorm enveloped the city.

• Even nature shed tears of grief at this heinous crime.

• People ran for cover.

• In this consternation, Bhai Jaita, the Guru's devoted Sikh, rushed forward and picked up the martyred Guru's severed head, covered it respectfully and slipped out of the crowd.

 • In the company of two Sikhs, he delivered the sacred head to his son Gobind, the tenth Guru.

• The young Guru embraced the three devout Sikhs, who were considered low by caste and pronounced `Rangrette Guru ke Bete'.

 • Guru Tegh Bahadur's head was cremated with due reverence at Anandpur Sahib.

 • Another devotee, Bhai Lakhi and his son, picked up the body of the Guru and concealed it under the heap of cotton in a bullock cart drove quickly to their huts in Raisina.

 • After offering prayers respectfully to the memory of the Guru, they set their huts on fire.

 

SUMMARY

 

• The famous Gurdwara Rakabganj in New Delhi stands as a fitting memorial to the unique sacrifice of the ninth Guru.

 • To this day, he is remembered as Hind Ki Chadar or the protector of the honour of India.

Grammar

Ql. Change the voice of the following sentences:

1. He was moved by the plight of the boy.

1. The plight of the boy moved him.

2. He directed them to return Dhirmal's property.

2. They were directed by him to return Dhirmal’s property.

3. Aurangzeb has issued orders for the forcible conversion of Hindus.

3. Orders have been issued by Aurangzeb for the forcible conversion of Hindus.

4. The Guru was ordered to embrace Islam or face death.

4. They ordered the Guru to embrace Islam or face death.

 5. This was announced by the beat of the drum.

5. They announced it by the beat of the drum.

                                            

Q2. Join the following pairs of sentences into single sentences (Complex or Compound) each by using suitable conjunctions:

 1. Everywhere diwans were held by his devotees. Hymns were sung at these diwans.

1. Everywhere his devotees held diwans at which hymns were sung.

2. The Chief Kazi tried his best to persuade the Guru to accept Islam. He refused to give up his faith at any cost.

2. The Chief Kazi tried his best to persuade the Guru to accept Islam, but the latter refused to give up his faith at any cost.

3. He expressed his determination. He was prepared to lay down his life.

3. He expressed his determination that he was prepared to lay down his life.

4. The executioner took out his sword. He severed the Guru's head from the body at one stroke.

4. The executioner took out his sword and severed the Guru's head from the body at one stroke.

5. The Guru's life was saved. His ear was, however, wounded by the bullet.

5. The Guru's life was saved, but his ear was wounded by the bullet.

 

Q.3. Give one word for each of the following expressions:

 i. The act of reaching a rank or position.

(i) accession

ii. A state of loneliness.

(ii) solitude/seclusion

iii. Change of religion or religious faith.

(iii) conversion

iv. A song sung in praise of God.

(iv) hymn

v. A state of great anxiety, fear and dismay.

(v) consternation

vi. Something that has no equal or no match.

(vi) unique, matchless

vii. Person who is killed or made to suffer hard for his belief or faith.

(vii) persecuted

Viii.Companion in an evil act or in a crime.

(viii) accomplice

ix. Anything associated with God.

(ix) divine

x. A gathering of people for a specific purpose.

(x) assembly.

 

Grammar (Homophones)

 

1- Cell: The prisoner was placed in a cell.

Sell: I do not want to sell this product.

2 Carrier: The boy put his bag on the carrier of the bicycle

Career: She is now concentrating on a career as a playback singer.

3. Temper: He lost his temper.

Tamper: Don't tamper with the documents.

 4. Advise: The doctor advised the patient to take medicines regularly.

 Advice: He carefully listens to the advice of his father.

 5. Tale: The fairy tales are very interesting.

 Tail: The dog wagged his tail.

 6. Dear: The child is very dear to the mother.

 Deer: I saw a deer in the zoo.

 7. Bow: They were armed with bows and arrows.

 Bough: The tiger took his prey on the bough of a tree.

 8. Envelop: The dense fogs envelop these islands during winters.

 Envelope: Put this letter into an envelope.

 9. Except: Except Hussan, all were present in the class.

Accept: He accepted my proposal happily.

10. Due: Your loan installment is due on July 3, 2020.

Dew: The dew drops were shining beautifully in the morning.