Chapter 7 -INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET

07-INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET

INTRODUCTION

 

Introduction to Multimedia:

 

Multimedia is an integration of various forms of media such as text, images, audio, video, and animation that are combined to create a more impactful and interactive experience. The term multimedia was first used in the 1960s and has since evolved with the advancements in technology. Today, multimedia is used in various fields including entertainment, education, advertising, and many more.

Multimedia provides a platform for individuals to express their creativity and communicate effectively. The multimedia content can be delivered through various mediums such as the internet, television, films, games, and many others. The availability of multimedia tools and technology has made it easier to create and access multimedia content.

In conclusion, multimedia is an innovative tool that combines multiple forms of media to create a more interactive and engaging experience. With its numerous benefits and wide range of applications, multimedia continues to shape the way we communicate, learn, and entertain ourselves.

 

WHAT IS INTERNET

 

The Internet is a global network of computers and computer networks connected together for communication and sharing of information. It is a massive network of networks, connecting millions of people and devices around the world. The Internet is not owned by any single organization or person, but is instead maintained and managed by a large number of individuals, organizations, and governments.

The Internet was created in the late 1960s as a research project by the United States government. The goal was to develop a communication network that could continue to function even if parts of it were damaged in a military attack. The Internet was initially used by universities, research organizations, and the military. However, it soon became clear that the Internet had much greater potential and was opened up for commercial use in the 1980s.

The Internet is now an essential tool for communication, commerce, education, and entertainment. It provides a platform for people to exchange information and ideas, to conduct transactions, to access a wealth of educational resources, and to enjoy various forms of entertainment. The Internet has transformed the way people live, work, and interact with each other, and its impact has been profound and far-reaching.

The Internet is constantly evolving and changing, with new technologies and applications being developed all the time. The Internet has become the backbone of the digital economy, and its continued growth and development is essential for the continued prosperity and well-being of society as a whole.

 

HOW DOES INTERNET WORK?

 

The internet is a global network of computers and other devices connected together that allows the exchange of information and communication between them. The working of the internet can be explained with the help of four main components:

Client Devices: The client devices are the computers, smartphones, and other devices that are used to access the internet. These devices connect to the internet through a network interface, such as a wired or wireless network card.

Internet Service Providers (ISP): The ISPs are the companies that provide internet services to the client devices. They act as a link between the client devices and the internet by providing a physical connection to the internet through cable, fiber optic, or satellite technology.

Internet Backbone: The internet backbone is a collection of high-speed data lines, routers, and switches that form the core of the internet. The data that is transmitted from the client devices to the internet is first transmitted to the ISPs, which then route it to the internet backbone.

World Wide Web (WWW): The WWW is the system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed through the internet. The WWW makes it possible for people to access and share information and resources from all over the world.

When a user accesses a website or other internet resource, their client device sends a request to the internet service provider. The request is then transmitted to the internet backbone, where it is routed to the server that hosts the resource. The server sends back the requested information, which is transmitted back to the client device through the internet backbone and the ISP.

 

In this way, the internet allows people from all over the world to communicate and share information and resources with each other, making it a powerful tool for communication, education, and entertainment.

 

Modem

 

A modem, short for modulator-demodulator, is a hardware device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines or cable networks. It serves as the interface between the computer and the communication network, converting digital signals from the computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over the telephone lines or cable network and vice versa.

A modem has two main functions, modulation and demodulation. Modulation is the process of converting digital signals from the computer into analog signals, which can be transmitted over telephone lines or cable networks. Demodulation is the reverse process, where the modem converts the received analog signals back into digital signals that can be processed by the computer.

 

Routers:

 

A router is a networking device that connects multiple computer networks and allows communication between them. It acts as a gateway between two or more networks, forwarding data packets between them based on their destination addresses.

Routers are responsible for routing or directing traffic between networks, and they play an important role in connecting networks, both local and wide area networks (LANs and WANs). They operate at the Network Layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which provides the routing and forwarding functions.

Routers use routing tables and algorithms to determine the best path for data packets to travel from one network to another. They also have the ability to perform network address translation (NAT), which allows them to connect networks with different IP addresses. This allows multiple devices to share a single public IP address while maintaining unique private IP addresses.

 

REQUIREMENTS OF INTERNET

 

In order to use the internet, there are certain requirements that must be met. These include:

 

A computer or device with internet access capabilities: A computer, smartphone, tablet, or other device that is capable of connecting to the internet is required to access and use the internet.

 

An Internet Service Provider (ISP): An internet service provider is a company that provides internet access to customers. Customers can choose from a variety of ISPs depending on their location and the services they offer.

 

A Network Interface Card (NIC): A network interface card is a device that allows a computer to connect to a network, including the internet. A NIC can be built into the motherboard of the computer or added as a separate card.

 

An Internet Connection: An internet connection can be established through a variety of methods including broadband, dial-up, satellite, or cellular. The method used will depend on the availability and cost of different options in the customer's location.

 

Software: To use the internet, a computer must have software installed that enables internet access. This can include a web browser, email client, instant messaging software, and more.

 

By meeting these requirements, an individual or organization can have access to the vast amount of information and resources available on the internet, and can use the internet for a wide range of activities, including communication, entertainment, education, and commerce.

 

INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER-ISP

 

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides customers with access to the Internet. It provides the physical connection to the Internet, typically through a modem or router, and manages the data transmission between the user's device and the Internet. ISPs offer a variety of plans and services, including different speed options, data usage allowances, and pricing options.

ISPs can provide internet access through different technologies, such as fiber-optic, cable, satellite, or digital subscriber line (DSL) connections. The type of connection available in a particular area depends on the infrastructure and service provided by the ISP.

ISPs are responsible for ensuring that their customers have reliable and fast access to the Internet. This includes maintaining the network infrastructure, providing technical support, and ensuring the security of their customers' data. ISPs must also comply with various regulations, such as net neutrality laws, which ensure that all internet traffic is treated equally and that users have unrestricted access to all legal online content.

 

INTERNET COMPONENTS

 

The internet is a vast network of interconnected computer systems and servers that are connected globally. The internet can be divided into several components that work together to provide a seamless online experience to users.

 

Client Devices: These are the devices that users use to connect to the internet, such as computers, smartphones, and tablets.

 

Servers: Servers are powerful computer systems that store and manage information, such as websites, files, and emails.

 

Routers: Routers are networking devices that help direct internet traffic between servers and clients.

 

Modems: Modems are devices that enable the transfer of data between computers and the internet. They convert digital signals into analog signals and vice versa, allowing data to be transmitted over telephone lines.

 

Internet Service Providers (ISP): ISPs are companies that provide internet access to users. They offer various services such as broadband, dial-up, and fiber-optic internet, which users can choose from based on their needs and location.

 

Internet Backbone: The internet backbone refers to the high-speed data transmission links that connect the various parts of the internet. This backbone enables the rapid transfer of data between servers, clients, and other internet components.

 

Web Browsers: Web browsers are software applications that allow users to access and view websites. Examples of popular web browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge.

 

These are some of the key components of the internet that work together to provide users with a seamless online experience.

 

ESTABLISHING CONNECTIVITY ON THE INTERNET

 

Establishing connectivity on the Internet involves setting up a connection between your device and the Internet Service Provider (ISP). This connection is achieved through a series of components and technologies that work together to allow communication between your device and the rest of the world.

 

The following are the components involved in establishing connectivity on the Internet:

 

Modem: This device is responsible for converting digital signals from your computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over a telephone line.

 

Router: A router is responsible for managing data traffic between your device and the ISP. It also helps to route data packets between your device and the Internet.

 

Internet Service Provider (ISP): The ISP is the company that provides you with access to the Internet. You need to have an account with an ISP to be able to access the Internet.

 

Internet Protocol (IP) Address: Your device must have a unique IP address assigned by your ISP to be able to communicate with other devices on the Internet.

 

To establish connectivity on the Internet, you need to connect your device to the modem, and the modem to the router. The router must then be connected to the Internet Service Provider. Once these connections are made, you can configure your device to access the Internet using your ISP account details.

 

Once you are connected, you can use a web browser to access websites, send and receive emails, and participate in online communities, among other things.

 

(a) ADSL Broadband

 

   ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) Broadband is a type of high-speed internet connection that uses traditional telephone lines to deliver internet services to homes and businesses. The "asymmetric" part of its name refers to the fact that it provides a faster download speed than upload speed, making it well-suited for activities such as downloading large files, streaming video, and playing online games. To use ADSL broadband, you need an ADSL modem, a telephone line, and a subscription with an internet service provider (ISP). Once you have these, you can connect your devices to the internet and enjoy fast, reliable broadband services.

 

(b) Cable broadband

   

      Cable broadband is a high-speed internet service that uses the cable TV network to transmit data. It provides faster download and upload speeds compared to traditional broadband services. Cable broadband service works by transmitting data via a coaxial cable that connects the modem to the cable provider's network. The signal is then translated into an internet connection for the user's device. Cable broadband is widely used because it provides a stable and fast internet connection with low latency and less interference. The main disadvantage of cable broadband is its limited availability, as it is only accessible in areas where cable TV service is available.

 

(c) Fibre broadband

 

 Fiber broadband is a type of internet connectivity that uses fiber optic cable instead of traditional copper or coaxial cable to provide internet access. This type of broadband connection is known for its high speed and reliability, as fiber optic cable is capable of transmitting large amounts of data at high speeds over long distances.

Fiber broadband uses fiber optic cable to connect the local exchange to the user's premises, allowing for the transfer of large amounts of data at very high speeds. The speed and reliability of fiber broadband makes it a popular choice for businesses, as well as for households where high-speed internet is needed for activities such as streaming video, gaming, and downloading large files.

One of the main benefits of fiber broadband is its speed. It is capable of delivering download speeds of up to 1 Gbps (Gigabit per second), which is much faster than traditional broadband technologies like ADSL or cable broadband. This makes fiber broadband a suitable choice for high-bandwidth applications like online gaming, video conferencing, and video streaming.

 

Mobile internet

 

Mobile internet refers to the internet access through a mobile network provided by telecommunication companies. It allows users to connect to the internet using a mobile device such as a smartphone, tablet, or mobile broadband modem. Mobile internet can be accessed through cellular networks such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G, and can be used for browsing the web, sending emails, making video calls, downloading apps, and more. Unlike traditional fixed-line broadband services, mobile internet is portable and accessible from anywhere as long as there is a good signal strength. It is a convenient and efficient way to access the internet, especially for people who are always on the move.

 

Internet Connectivity through Wireless Fidelity (wifi)

 

Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) is a type of wireless internet connectivity that allows devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other Wi-Fi enabled devices to connect to the internet without the use of physical cables. WiFi operates using radio waves in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency bands to transmit data between a device and a wireless router. The router acts as a bridge between the device and the internet, connecting the device to the internet service provider's network. To establish WiFi connectivity, a device must be within range of a wireless router and have the ability to connect to Wi-Fi networks.

 

USES/ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

 

The Internet is a global network of connected devices that allows for the exchange of information and communication between users. Its uses and advantages are numerous and have revolutionized various aspects of our lives.

 

Communication: The Internet has made communication easier and more accessible. People can now communicate with each other through various platforms such as email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media.

 

Information: The Internet is a vast source of information and a valuable tool for research and learning. Users can access a wealth of information on any topic imaginable through websites, online databases, and search engines.

 

Entertainment: The Internet offers a vast array of entertainment options, including music, movies, games, and online TV. It provides a convenient and cost-effective alternative to traditional forms of entertainment.

 

E-commerce: The Internet has revolutionized the way people buy and sell goods and services. Online shopping, online banking, and online payment systems have made it easier and more convenient for people to purchase products and manage their finances.

 

Job search and career advancement: The Internet provides users with access to job listings and career resources, making it easier to find job opportunities and advance their careers.

 

Education: The Internet is a valuable tool for education, with a wealth of online courses, tutorials, and resources available to help people learn new skills and expand their knowledge.

 

Healthcare: The Internet is changing the way healthcare is delivered, with telemedicine services and online medical resources making healthcare more accessible and convenient for patients.

 

In conclusion, the Internet has had a profound impact on our lives, offering numerous advantages and uses in various fields. Its continued growth and development are expected to bring even more benefits and opportunities in the future

 

DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

 

The Internet has many advantages, but it also has several disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages of the Internet include:

 

Security Risks: The Internet is a vulnerable place for security risks, such as hacking, viruses, and identity theft. Personal and financial information is at risk of being stolen.

 

Addiction: The Internet can be addictive and may consume an individual's time and attention. This can lead to decreased productivity, decreased face-to-face communication, and social isolation.

 

Cyberbullying: The anonymity of the Internet makes it a breeding ground for cyberbullying. Children and teens are particularly susceptible to this type of harassment and abuse.

 

False Information: The Internet is full of false information, hoaxes, and scams. It's important to be vigilant and critical when evaluating information found on the Internet.

 

Decreased Privacy: The Internet has decreased privacy, as personal information and activities can be monitored and tracked. This includes online behavior, search history, and personal data such as emails, photos, and personal details.

 

Spread of Hate Speech and Extremist Content: The Internet provides a platform for hate speech and extremist content to spread, which can be harmful and dangerous.

 

Physical Health Concerns: Spending long hours in front of a computer screen can lead to physical health problems, such as eye strain, back pain, and neck pain.

 

Overreliance on Technology: The Internet has made people overly reliant on technology, reducing their ability to think critically, solve problems independently, and communicate effectively.

 

E-MAIL

 

E-mail (electronic mail) is a method of exchanging messages between people using the internet. It allows users to send and receive messages, documents, images, and other types of files electronically. E-mail has become one of the most widely used forms of communication on the internet and has revolutionized the way people communicate with each other. It is fast, convenient, and cost-effective compared to traditional postal mail. To use e-mail, users need an e-mail account with a service provider such as Gmail, Yahoo, or Microsoft. The user then composes and sends messages to one or multiple recipients by entering their e-mail addresses. E-mails can be sent and received from anywhere with internet access, making it an ideal tool for remote communication and collaboration.

 

ADVANTAGES OF E-MAIL

 

E-mail (electronic mail) is one of the most widely used and important communication tools on the internet. It is a system that enables users to send and receive text messages, along with attachments such as images, audio, and video files, over the internet. The following are some of the key advantages of using e-mail:

 

Convenience: E-mail is an extremely convenient form of communication as it can be accessed from anywhere in the world, as long as you have an internet connection. This makes it an ideal solution for people who travel frequently or need to communicate with people in different parts of the world.

 

Speed: E-mails can be sent and received instantly, making it a fast mode of communication compared to traditional mail which can take several days to reach its destination.

 

Cost-effective: E-mail is a cost-effective solution for communication as it eliminates the need for postage stamps, envelopes, and paper.

 

Archiving: E-mails can be easily stored and archived for future reference. This is particularly useful for businesses as it provides a record of all communication, which can be accessed at a later stage.

 

Easy to use: E-mail is user-friendly and easy to use, even for those who are not technically savvy. Most e-mail clients come with a simple and intuitive interface, making it easy for users to send, receive, and manage their e-mails.

 

Flexibility: E-mail allows users to send messages at any time of the day or night, making it an ideal solution for people who work odd hours or live in different time zones.

 

Large file transfer: E-mail allows users to send large files and attachments, making it an ideal solution for businesses that need to send large files to clients or colleagues.

 

Overall, e-mail provides a convenient, fast, and cost-effective solution for communication and is an essential tool for businesses and individuals alike.

 

LIMITATIONS OF E-MAIL

 

Email, also known as electronic mail, is a mode of exchanging digital messages between two or more users over the internet. Despite its widespread popularity, email is not without its limitations. Some of the limitations of email include:

 

Spam and Junk Mail: One of the biggest limitations of email is the amount of spam and junk mail that people receive. This can clog up inboxes and lead to important messages being missed or deleted.

 

Limited File Attachment Size: There is a limit to the size of the file that can be attached to an email. This can be inconvenient if you need to send large files, such as videos or high-resolution images.

 

Security: Email is not as secure as other forms of communication, such as encrypted messaging. Email messages can be intercepted and read by unauthorized individuals. Sensitive information should not be sent via email.

 

Reliability: Email is dependent on the reliability of the internet and email servers. If the servers are down or there is an interruption in the internet connection, emails cannot be sent or received.

 

Miscommunication: Email can be open to misinterpretation due to the lack of nonverbal cues. This can lead to miscommunication and misunderstandings between people.

 

Slow Delivery: Emails can take a long time to reach their destination, especially if the recipient's inbox is cluttered with spam or if the email servers are down.

 

Limited Formatting: Emails are limited in terms of formatting and layout options. It can be difficult to create an attractive and professional-looking email, especially if you are not familiar with HTML coding.

 

These limitations can make email less effective for certain types of communication. In some cases, other forms of communication, such as instant messaging or video conferencing, may be more appropriate.

 

Answer the following questions in 1-15 words. Each question carries one mark.

 

Q.1. What is Internet?

Ans. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that enables the exchange of information and communication between users through various services and applications, such as email, websites, social media, etc.

 

Q.2. Expand the acronym IP?

Ans. IP stands for Internet Protocol.

 

Q.3. Expand the term acronym ISP?

Ans. ISP stands for Internet Service Provider.

 

Q.4. Write the name of famous ISP in India?

Ans. Some of the popular Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in India are:

1. Airtel

2. Jio

3. BSNL

4. ACT Fibernet

5. Hathway

6. Spectranet

7. Tata Sky Broadband

8. You Broadband

9. MTNL

10.Excitel.

 

Q.5. What is ‘Net’?

Ans. "Net" is often used as a shortened version of "Internet," which stands for Interconnected networks. The term refers to the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It provides access to a vast array of information, services, and resources, including the World Wide Web (WWW), email, file sharing, and more.

 

Q.6. What is E-mail?

Ans. E-mail (electronic mail) is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices. It is an online communication service that allows users to send and receive messages (also known as emails) over the internet or other computer networks. An email consists of a subject line, message body, and attachments, if any. It is a widely used communication tool for both personal and professional purposes.

 

Q.7. What do understand by protocols?

Ans. Protocols are a set of rules and standards that govern the communication between devices on a network. They define how data is transmitted, ensuring that data sent from one device is correctly received and understood by another device, regardless of the type of network or device being used. Examples of common protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS.

 

Q.8. What do you mean by Router?

Ans. A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It determines the best path for data to travel from its source to its destination through the Internet or other computer networks. Routers also provide network security and help manage network traffic. They are commonly used in homes and businesses to provide Wi-Fi access and connect multiple devices to the Internet.

 

Q.9. What is world wide web?

Ans. The World Wide Web (WWW or Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents that are accessed through the Internet. It was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and has since become the primary means of accessing information online. The Web is a platform for accessing, sharing, and publishing information and multimedia resources, and it is used by billions of people around the world to communicate, learn, and conduct business. It is a client-server system, where web clients (browsers) request pages or files from web servers, which then respond with the requested content.

 

Q.10. What is the most important information available through telnet?

Ans. Telnet is a protocol that allows users to connect to remote computers and access their resources, such as databases, files, and applications. The most important information available through Telnet is dependent on the resources and applications that are available on the remote computer being accessed. Typically, Telnet can provide access to information such as system logs, network configurations, and other administrative data that is stored on the remote computer. The specific information available through Telnet will vary depending on the system and the user's access level.

 

Q.11. What is the use of FTP?

Ans. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP allows users to upload and download files, create and delete directories, and perform other file management operations on a remote server. It is commonly used by software developers, web designers, and other professionals who need to transfer large amounts of data between computers. Additionally, FTP is often used to upload and download files to and from websites, allowing users to share and access files over the internet.

 

Q.12. What is the expanded from of WAIS?

Ans. The expanded form of WAIS is Wide Area Information Server.

 

Q.13. What is the expanded from of FAQ and RFC ?

Ans. The expanded form of FAQ is "Frequently Asked Questions". The expanded form of RFC is "Request for Comments".

 

Q.14. What are ISP?

Ans. ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It is a company that provides internet access to customers, either by offering a direct connection to the Internet or by offering services such as web hosting, email, and other online applications. ISPs are the intermediaries that connect end-users to the Internet, allowing them to access websites, use online services, and exchange data and information with others online.

 

Q.15. Name some ISP in India?

Ans. Some of the famous Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in India are:

 

1. Airtel Broadband

2. Jio Fiber

3. ACT Fibernet

4. BSNL Broadband

5. Hathway Cable and Data com

6. Spectranet

7. You Broadband

8. Tikona

9. Rail tel

10.Excitel, etc.

 

Q.16. Name the various types of internet connectivity?

Ans. The various types of internet connectivity include:

1. Dial-up

2. Broadband (DSL, Cable, Fiber, Satellite)

3. Wireless (Wi-Fi, 4G, 5G, Mobile hotspots)

4. Ethernet

5.Satellite

6. Bonded T1

7. T3/T4 Lines

8. FDDI.

 

Q.17. What are the commonly used protocols for internet?

Ans. The commonly used protocols for the Internet are:

 

1. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

2. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

4. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

5. DNS (Domain Name System)

6. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

7. POP (Post Office Protocol)

8. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

Telnet

9.SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security).

 

Q.18. Which protocol is responsible for breaking the data into packets?

Ans. The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for breaking data into packets for transmission over the internet.

 

Q.19. What is the function of internet protocol?

Ans. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a communication protocol responsible for routing data packets between devices connected to a network. It provides the delivery of data packets between computer systems in a network based on IP addresses. The IP protocol also enables the fragmentation and reassembly of data packets to ensure efficient transmission over a network and provides for error-checking mechanisms to ensure that data is transmitted accurately and reliably. The IP protocol is the foundation of the Internet and is a key component of the Internet Protocol Suite, commonly referred to as TCP/IP.

 

Q.20. What is Telnet?

Ans. Telnet is a network protocol that enables remote login and other TCP/IP network services on the Internet. It allows users to connect to and control remote computers over a network and perform various tasks, such as transferring files, running applications, and accessing information, as if they were physically present at the remote location. Telnet was one of the first remote login protocols, and it has largely been replaced by more secure protocols such as SSH.

 

Q.21. What work is done by the router?

Ans. A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is responsible for determining the best path for data to travel from one network to another and for managing the flow of data between different networks. The router uses routing tables and protocols to determine the best path for data, and it can also provide network security by restricting unauthorized access and filtering unwanted traffic. Additionally, routers can also provide network address translation (NAT), which allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address.

 

The answer to these questions should be given in 5-10 lines.

 

Q.1. What is internet?

Ans. The internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that uses standardized communication protocols to exchange information and data. It provides a platform for communication, information sharing, and access to a vast range of services and resources including websites, email, online shopping, social media, online gaming, and more. The internet operates on a client-server model, where users access information or services through a web browser or other software client, while the information and services are hosted on servers connected to the internet.

 

Q.2. Explain any two advantages of e-mail?

Ans. Convenience and Speed: Email allows for instant, anytime communication with people all over the world. This can save time and increase efficiency in personal and business communications.

 

Cost-effective: Sending an email is much cheaper than sending a physical letter, making it an affordable option for personal and business communication. Additionally, email can often be accessed for free through webmail services or email client software, making it a cost-effective solution for many people.

 

Q.3. What is e-mail?

Ans. E-mail, also known as electronic mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages between people using computers connected to the internet. An e-mail message consists of a subject, content, and sender/recipient addresses, and can be sent to one or multiple recipients. E-mail has become an essential means of communication for personal and professional purposes.

 

Q.4. Narrate any two advantages of e-mail?

Ans. Convenience and Flexibility: Email allows users to communicate and exchange information from anywhere in the world at any time, as long as they have internet access. It eliminates the need for postal mail, long-distance phone calls or faxes.

 

Cost-effective: Email is a cost-effective means of communication as it eliminates the cost of paper, envelopes, stamps, and long-distance phone calls. Additionally, it allows for mass distribution of information to a large number of people at once, reducing the cost per recipient.

 

Q.5. What are limitation of e-mail?

Ans. The limitations of e-mail include:

 

Spam and Junk Mail: Email inboxes can get flooded with unwanted and unsolicited emails, known as spam and junk mail.

 

Security Concerns: Emails are not completely secure and can be vulnerable to hacking, phishing, and other forms of cybercrime. Confidential information sent through email can be intercepted and used for malicious purposes.

 

File Size Limitations: There are often restrictions on the size of files that can be attached and sent through email, which can be a problem when sending large files or high-resolution images.

 

Technical Issues: Technical problems, such as server crashes, can result in the loss of important emails, and email delivery can be delayed or blocked by filters and firewalls.

 

Inefficient Organization: With the increasing volume of emails, it can become difficult to organize and manage them, leading to an overwhelming and cluttered inbox.

 

Q.6. What are the requirements of sending an email?

Ans.  The requirements for sending an email are:

 

An email account: To send emails, you need to have an email account with a service provider such as Gmail, Yahoo, or Microsoft Outlook.

 

Internet connectivity: A reliable internet connection is necessary to send and receive emails.

 

An email client: This can be a web-based email service or a software installed on your computer.

 

Recipient's email address: To send an email, you need to have the email address of the person you want to send the email to.

 

Email content: This includes the subject, body, and any attachments you want to include in your email.

 

Q.7. Explain the working of internet?

Ans. The working of the internet can be explained through its various components and how they interact with each other to allow communication and transfer of data between devices.

 

Devices: The internet consists of various devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, etc. which are equipped with internet connectivity to communicate with other devices.

 

Modems: These are devices that translate digital signals from computers into analog signals for transmitting over telephone lines.

 

Internet Service Providers (ISPs): These are organizations that provide access to the internet. They offer internet connectivity to individuals and organizations by establishing a connection to the internet backbone.

 

Routers: Routers are the devices that route data from one device to another. They receive data from multiple devices and determine the most efficient path for the data to reach its destination.

 

Protocols: The internet relies on a set of protocols to regulate the communication between devices. The most common protocols used on the internet include TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), and DNS (Domain Name System).

 

Servers: These are powerful computers that store and provide access to data, applications, and services over the internet.

 

The internet works by allowing devices to communicate with each other through a series of routers that direct the data to its destination. The data is broken down into small packets, each containing the source and destination information, and the content of the data. The packets are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled at the destination device. The protocols used on the internet ensure that the data is transmitted securely, quickly, and reliably.

 

The answer to these questions should be given in 15-20 lines.

 

Q.1. What is Internet? How does it work?

Ans. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers, servers, and other devices that enables the exchange of information and communication through various protocols and standards. It works by breaking down the information into small packets, which are then sent to the recipient through the Internet Service Provider (ISP) using a physical connection such as cable or fiber optic, or wirelessly through satellite or Wi-Fi. These packets are reassembled at the recipient's end to form the original information. The Internet uses various protocols like TCP/IP to ensure the transmission of data is accurate and secure. Routers and switches play a crucial role in forwarding and directing the packets to the correct destination, allowing information to be exchanged in real-time across the world.

 

Q.2. What are different connecting devices which are needed for Internet? Explain them briefly?

Ans. To establish internet connectivity, there are several types of connections required:

 

Broadband Connections: There are various types of broadband connections such as ADSL, cable, fiber, mobile, and satellite broadband. These are high-speed internet connections that provide fast and reliable internet access.

 

Modem: A modem is a device that acts as a bridge between the computer and the internet service provider (ISP). It converts digital signals from the computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone or cable lines.

 

Router: A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It acts as a traffic controller, directing data to its intended destination. Routers also provide network security features such as firewalls and access controls.

 

Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless local area network (WLAN) technology that enables devices to connect to the internet without cables. It uses radio waves to transmit data between devices and a router.

 

Internet Service Provider (ISP): An ISP is a company that provides internet access to its customers. It provides the necessary infrastructure and support to connect to the internet, including the broadband connection and router.

 

All of these components work together to provide internet connectivity, allowing users to access the World Wide Web and communicate with others online.

 

Q.3. What are the hardware and software requirements of Internet?

Ans. Hardware Requirements:

 

Computer or device with internet capability (e.g., desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone)

Modem (for dial-up, cable or ADSL connections) or Router (for broadband connections)

Ethernet cable (for wired connections) or Wi-Fi adapter (for wireless connections)

 

Software Requirements:

Operating system that supports internet connectivity (e.g., Windows, MacOS, Linux, iOS, Android)

Web browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Internet Explorer)

Internet security software (e.g., antivirus, firewall, anti-malware)

Email client software (e.g., Microsoft Outlook, Gmail, Apple Mail)

These requirements may vary depending on the type of internet connection and the type of online activities being performed.

 

Q.4. what is e-mail? What are its uses?

Ans. E-mail, also known as electronic mail, is a method of exchanging messages over the internet. E-mail is used as a form of communication and allows individuals to send messages and attachments, such as documents and images, to other individuals or groups. E-mail is widely used for personal communication, business communication, and official communication. The most common use of e-mail is to send and receive messages, but it also has several other uses such as sending newsletters, promotional offers, and updates, and as a platform for discussion groups.

 

Q.5. What are the demerits of internet?

Ans. The demerits of the internet include:

 

Cybercrime: The internet provides a platform for hackers, scammers and cybercriminals to carry out various illegal activities, such as identity theft, phishing, and cyber bullying.

 

Addiction: Spending excessive time on the internet can lead to addiction and have a negative impact on mental health.

 

Misinformation: The internet is full of false information, rumors, and misinformation, which can be easily spread through social media and other platforms.

 

Privacy Concerns: The collection and use of personal data by companies and governments raises serious privacy concerns, as it can lead to misuse of personal information.

 

Decreased Productivity: The internet can be a major distraction, leading to decreased productivity and focus.

 

Digital Divide: There is a digital divide between those who have access to the internet and those who do not, leading to unequal opportunities and information access.

 

Security Issues: The internet is vulnerable to various security threats, such as viruses, malware, and hacking attacks, which can compromise personal and sensitive information.

 

Q.6 What can be done on internet?

                Or

     What are the services provided by internet?

Ans. The Internet provides a variety of services including, but not limited to:

 

1. Web browsing and accessing information through websites.

2. Electronic mail (e-mail) for communication and exchanging                         messages.

3. File transfer protocol (FTP) for uploading and downloading files.

4. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) for making voice and video        calls.

5. Online shopping and e-commerce transactions.

6. Social media for connecting and sharing information with friends and family.

7. Streaming of audio and video content, such as music, movies, and TV shows.

8. Online gaming and virtual communities.

9. Cloud computing for storing and accessing data and applications from any location.

10.Virtual private networks (VPNs) for secure communication and data transfer.

These are just a few examples, and the list of services available on the Internet continues to grow and evolve over time.

 

Q.7. What are the requirements of sending an e- mail?

Ans. To send an email, the following requirements are necessary:

 

An email account: To send an email, you need to have an email account with a provider like Gmail, Yahoo, or Microsoft Outlook.

 

Internet connection: A stable and fast internet connection is necessary to send and receive emails.

 

Email client or webmail: You can use an email client software like Microsoft Outlook or Apple Mail, or you can access your email through a webmail interface like Gmail or Yahoo Mail.

 

Email address of the recipient: You need to have the correct email address of the person you want to send the email to.

 

Subject and content: To make your email meaningful, you should provide a clear and concise subject and write your message in a way that clearly communicates your intended message to the recipient.

 

Q.8. E-mail is an economical way of communication’’ Comment?

Ans. e-mail is an economical way of communication as it eliminates the need for paper, printing, postage, and other materials. Sending an e-mail is usually free or costs a very small fee, compared to traditional mail that requires postage and other expenses. Additionally, e-mails can be sent and received instantly, saving time and effort compared to physical mail that takes longer to reach its destination. Overall, e-mail offers a cost-effective and efficient way of communicating with people around the world.

 

ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS

 

Q.1. What is Internet? How does it work? What are different connecting devices which are needed for Internet ?

Ans. The Internet is a global network of computers that are connected to each other and are able to exchange information. It works by using various communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), to transmit data between different devices on the network.

 

For Internet connectivity, several devices are needed, including a computer or device with Internet connectivity capabilities, a modem, a router, and an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The modem is used to convert the digital signals from the computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over a telephone line or cable connection. The router connects to the modem and helps direct the traffic on the network, while the ISP provides access to the Internet.

 

Q.2. What is e-mail? Its advantages and disadvantages?

Ans. E-mail (electronic mail) is a digital messaging service that allows users to send text, files, images, and other forms of digital content between computers, mobile devices, and other Internet-enabled devices.

 

Advantages of e-mail include:

 

Convenient and fast: e-mail allows users to send and receive messages instantly, regardless of their location, as long as they have access to the internet.

Cost-effective: sending an e-mail is usually free, making it an economical way to communicate with others.

Easy to use: e-mails can be created and sent with a few clicks or taps, and most people find it simple to use.

Archivable: e-mails can be saved, searched, and retrieved, making it easy to find important information.

Easy to share information: e-mails can be forwarded to multiple recipients and can be used to share large files.

Disadvantages of e-mail include:

 

Spam and junk mail: many e-mail users receive a large number of unwanted messages, also known as spam or junk mail.

Security risks: e-mails can be intercepted or hacked, potentially exposing sensitive information to unauthorized parties.

Overloading of inbox: users may become overwhelmed by the amount of e-mail they receive, making it difficult to manage.

Miscommunication: the tone and meaning of e-mails can be misinterpreted, leading to miscommunication or misunderstanding.

Inability to provide immediate feedback: unlike phone or video calls, e-mails do not allow for real-time communication, which can be a disadvantage in certain situations.

 

Q.3. What is e-mail? Explain the procedure of opening e-mail account on internet?

Ans. E-mail, also known as electronic mail, is a method of exchanging messages and files over the internet or other computer networks. To open an email account, the following steps are typically involved:

 

Choose an email service provider: There are many email service providers available, including Gmail, Yahoo Mail, Microsoft Outlook, etc. Choose one that meets your needs and preferences.

 

Go to the provider's website: Access the website of the email service provider you have selected and click on the "Sign Up" or "Create Account" button.

 

Provide personal information: Fill out the required fields with your personal information, such as your name, date of birth, and a valid email address.

 

Choose a username and password: Select a unique username and password for your email account. This will be used to log in to your email account.

 

Confirm your account: Most email service providers will send you a confirmation email to the address you provided. Follow the instructions in the email to confirm your account.

 

Log in to your account: Once your account is confirmed, you can log in to your email account and start using it to send and receive emails.

 

Customize your account: You can customize your account by adding a signature, changing your email theme, setting up filters, and more.

 

Q.4. What is internet? Explain the requirements of internet and services provided by internet?

Ans. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It provides a wide range of services including electronic mail (email), file sharing, online chat, social media, and much more.

 

To access the Internet, you need a few basic things:

 

A computer or a device with internet connectivity such as a smartphone or tablet. An Internet Service Provider (ISP), which provides you with access to the Internet A modem, which connects your device to the ISP.

An Ethernet or Wi-Fi connection to connect your device to the modem.

The services provided by the Internet include:

Web Browsing: You can access a vast amount of information on various topics from the Internet.

 

Email: You can send and receive electronic messages using an email account.

 

Online Communication: You can use instant messaging and video conferencing tools to communicate with people in real-time.

 

Social Media: You can connect with friends, family, and colleagues through social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.

 

Online Shopping: You can buy and sell products and services online.

 

Online Banking: You can perform banking transactions online, such as checking account balances and making transfers.

 

Online Learning: You can access educational resources and take online courses.

 

Entertainment: You can watch movies, listen to music, play games, and much more online.

 

Q.5. Explain in detail requirements of internet?

Ans. The requirements of internet access vary depending on the type of device being used, the desired level of functionality, and the location and accessibility of the device. However, in general, the basic requirements of internet access include:

 

A device capable of connecting to the internet: This can be a computer, smartphone, tablet, or other internet-enabled device.

 

A reliable internet connection: This can be provided by a broadband or dial-up connection, mobile data, or Wi-Fi. The speed and quality of the connection will determine the level of functionality that is possible.

 

A web browser: This is software that allows the user to access and interact with websites, online applications, and other internet-based services. Examples of popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.

 

An internet service provider (ISP): This is a company that provides access to the internet by selling internet plans, setting up hardware and software, and providing technical support. ISPs are typically either local phone companies or companies that specialize in providing internet services.

 

An email account: Email is a popular and convenient way to communicate over the internet, and most ISPs offer email services. To send and receive emails, users will need to sign up for an email account with an email provider, such as Google, Yahoo, or Microsoft.

 

In addition to these basic requirements, there are many other software applications, tools, and services that can enhance the functionality of the internet, including social media platforms, video conferencing software, cloud storage services, and online gaming platforms.

 

Q.6. What is internet? Discuss advantages and disadvantages of internet?

Ans. The Internet is a global network of computers connected together to exchange information. It was originally developed in the late 1960s and has since grown into a vast network that includes billions of devices and provides a wide range of services and applications to users around the world.

 

Advantages of the internet include:

 

Access to vast amounts of information: The internet provides access to a vast amount of information on virtually every topic imaginable. This information can be accessed from anywhere in the world and at any time.

 

Increased efficiency and productivity: The internet has made it easier for individuals and organizations to communicate and collaborate with one another, which has resulted in increased efficiency and productivity.

 

Global connectivity: The internet provides the ability to connect with people from around the world, which has opened up new opportunities for communication, business, and personal relationships.

 

Online commerce: The internet has made it possible to conduct business online, which has led to the creation of e-commerce and online marketplaces.

 

Disadvantages of the internet include:

 

Cybercrime: The internet has also opened up new opportunities for cybercrime, such as hacking, phishing, and identity theft.

 

Addiction: Some people may become addicted to the internet and spend excessive amounts of time online, which can lead to negative impacts on their mental health and relationships.

 

Lack of privacy: Personal information shared online can be accessed by third parties, leading to a loss of privacy.

 

Misinformation: With the vast amounts of information available on the internet, it can be difficult to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources, which can lead to the spread of misinformation.

 

Multiple Choice Questions:

 

1. Which of these is done by the Operating System :

(a) Process Management (b) File Management

(c) Device Management (d) All of the above.

All of the above is done by the Operating System. It manages the computer's hardware resources, provides a user interface, and runs and manages programs and processes.

 

2. Which of the following is a single user OS :

(a) MS-DOS (b) Red Hat Linux

(c) UNIX (d) WINDOWS 2000.

MS-DOS is a single user operating system.

 

3. Which type of operating system deals in time slices :

(a) Distributed system (b) Time sharing system

(c) Real time system (d) None of these.

a time-sharing system is a type of operating system that allows multiple users to share the computer's resources by dividing the time into small slices and allocating a slice to each user in turn. This allows multiple users to run different programs simultaneously and improves the overall system efficiency.

 

4. Which of the following is text based character user interface :

(a) WINDOWS XP (b) MS-DOS

(c) UNIX (d) WINDOWS Vista.

MS-DOS uses a text-based character user interface

 

Q.1. What is multimedia?

A. Integration of various forms of media

B. A global network of computers and computer networks

C. A collection of high-speed data lines, routers, and switches

D. A system of interlinked hypertext documents

 

Q.2. When was the Internet created?

A. 1960s

B. 1980s

C. 1990s

D. 2000s

 

Q.3. What is the backbone of the Internet?

A. World Wide Web

B. Client Devices

C. Internet Service Providers

D. Internet Backbone

 

Q.4. What is a modem?

a. A software device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines or cable networks.

b. A hardware device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines or cable networks.

c. A networking device that connects multiple computer networks and allows communication between them.

 

Q.5. Which process converts digital signals from the computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over the telephone lines or cable network?

a. Modulation

b. Demodulation

c. Encoding

 

Q.6. Which type of modem provides high-speed internet connectivity through a cable television network?

a. Dial-up modems

b. Cable modems

c. Broadband modems

 

Q.7. Which device allows a computer to connect to a network, including the internet?

a. A modem

b. A router

c. A network interface card (NIC)

 

Q.8. What is an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

a. A company that provides internet access to customers.

b. A software application that enables internet access.

c. A hardware device that connects multiple computer networks and allows communication between them.

 

Q.9. What is an ISP responsible for?

A. Providing data transmission between servers and clients

B. Providing the physical connection to the Internet

C. Providing technical support to servers

D. Providing data storage for websites

 

Q.10. Which of the following is NOT a type of connection that an ISP can provide?

A. Fiber-optic

B. Cable

C. Wi-Fi

D. Satellite

 

Q.11. Which of the following is responsible for directing internet traffic between servers and clients?

A. Servers

B. Routers

C. Modems

D. Web browsers

 

Q.12. What is responsible for converting digital signals from your computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over a telephone line?

A) Router

B) Modem

C) ISP

D) IP Address

 

Q.13. What type of broadband service uses the cable TV network to transmit data?

A) ADSL broadband

B) Fiber broadband

C) Cable broadband

D) Mobile internet

 

Q.14. Which broadband connection is known for its high speed and reliability?

A) ADSL broadband

B) Cable broadband

C) Fiber broadband

D) Mobile internet

 

Q.15. Which of the following is a benefit of fiber broadband?

A) It is affected by issues such as interference and weather conditions

B) It is only accessible in areas where cable TV service is available

C) It is capable of delivering download speeds of up to 1 Gbps

D) It provides faster upload speed compared to download speed

 

Q.16. What is mobile internet?

A) Internet service provided by a cable TV network

B) Internet service provided through fiber optic cable

C) Internet access through a mobile network

D) Internet service provided through traditional telephone lines

 

Q.17. What is WiFi?

a. A type of cable used for internet connectivity

b. A wireless internet connectivity

c. A device used to transmit data

 

Q.18. What frequency bands does WiFi use to transmit data?

a. 2.4GHz and 5GHz

b. 5GHz and 10GHz

c. 2GHz and 5GHz

 

Q.1 9. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the internet?

a. Entertainment

b. Education

c. Increase in workload

 

Q.20. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the internet?

a. Security Risks

b. Spread of hate speech and extremist content

c. Improved privacy

 

Q.21. What is e-mail?

a. A method of exchanging messages between people using the internet

b. A type of wireless internet connectivity

c. A system used for online shopping

 

Q.22. What is email?

a. A mode of exchanging digital messages between two or more users over the internet.

b. A type of instant messaging platform.

c. A social media application.

d. An online gaming platform.

 

Q.23. Which of the following is one of the limitations of email?

a. It is the most secure form of communication.

b. It has unlimited file attachment size.

c. It can be open to misinterpretation due to the lack of nonverbal cues.

d. It has the fastest delivery time compared to other forms of communication.

 

Q.23. Why is email not as secure as other forms of communication?

a. Email messages can be encrypted.

b. Email messages cannot be intercepted.

c. Sensitive information should not be sent via email.

d. Email messages can be intercepted and read by unauthorized individuals.

 

True or False

 

1. Operating system is also known as Resource Manager.  True

operating systems are often referred to as resource managers because they are responsible for allocating and managing the computer's resources, such as memory, processing power, and storage. This allows the operating system to ensure that all running programs have the resources they need to function properly and efficiently.

 

2. Time between submition of job and completion of job is Turn Around Time.  True

, turn around time is the duration between the submission of a job to the operating system and its completion. It is a measure of the efficiency of the operating system in managing and executing tasks.

 

3. Multiprocessing allows only one program at a time to run.  False

Multiprocessing allows multiple programs to run simultaneously on multiple processors or cores within a computer system.

 

4. CPU is divided among different users in single user operating system.  False

In a single user operating system, the CPU is not divided among different users. Only one user can use the computer at a time, and the CPU is dedicated to that user's tasks.

 

5. MS-DOS is multi user operating system.  False

MS-DOS is a single user operating system.

 

6. MS-DOS uses command-line interface.  True

MS-DOS uses a command-line interface, which allows users to interact with the operating system using text-based commands and prompts.

 

7. Windows NT supports client server network.  True

Windows NT is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that is designed to support client-server networks.

 

1. Multimedia is used only in the field of entertainment. (True / False)

 

2. The Internet is owned by a single organization or person. (True / False)

 

3. The client devices connect to the internet through a network interface. (True / False)

4. A modem converts analog signals to digital signals. (False)

 

5. Routers are responsible for routing or directing traffic between networks. (True)

 

6. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides internet access to customers. (True)

 

7. An Internet connection can be established through broadband, dial-up, satellite, or cellular methods. (True)

 

8. To use the internet, a computer must have software installed that enables internet access. (True)

 

9. ISPs are responsible for maintaining network infrastructure and providing technical support. (True/False)

 

10. The internet backbone is responsible for the storage and management of information such as websites, files, and emails. (True/False)

 

11. Web browsers are software applications that allow users to access and view websites. (True/False)

 

12. The router is responsible for converting digital signals from your computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over a telephone line. (False)

 

13. Cable broadband provides faster download and upload speeds compared to traditional broadband services. (True)

 

14. Fiber broadband is not affected by issues such as interference, distance limitations, or weather conditions. (True)

 

15. ADSL broadband is a type of internet connection that uses fiber optic cable instead of traditional copper or coaxial cable to provide internet access. (False)

 

16. Mobile internet is a convenient and efficient way to access the internet, especially for people who are always on the move. (True)

 

17. The speed of a WiFi connection depends on the type of router, the distance between the device and the router, and the number of devices connected to the network. (True/ False)

 

18. The Internet offers a vast array of entertainment options, including music, movies, games, and online TV. (True/False)

 

19. Addiction is not a disadvantage of the internet. (True/False)

 

20. E-mail is an expensive solution for communication. (True/False)

 

21. E-mails can be sent and received instantly. (True/False)

 

22. Email is without its limitations. (False)

 

23. Email is the most secure form of communication. (False)

 

24. Email can be open to misinterpretation due to the lack of nonverbal cues. (True)

 

25. Emails have unlimited file attachment size. (False)

 

26. Instant messaging or video conferencing may not be more appropriate in some cases. (False)

 

 

     A. One Word or one Line questions

Q. 1. Why is operating system termed as a mediator ?

Ans. It acts as an interface or mediator between the computer hardware and the users of

the computer system. Computer can’t be anything without an operating system.

Operating system is termed as a mediator because it acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the software applications. It manages and controls the resources of the computer system, such as the memory, processors, and input/output devices, and provides an interface for the users and applications to interact with the hardware. It also manages the execution of different programs, providing a way for them to communicate with each other and with the hardware. Essentially, the operating system acts as a "middleman" between the hardware and software, allowing them to work together efficiently and effectively.

Q. 2. What is File Management ?

Ans. File Management means management of files and file related activities such as file

organization, storing, naming, sharing and protection of files.

File management refers to the process of organizing, storing, and manipulating files on a computer or other electronic device. This includes creating, renaming, moving, and deleting files, as well as managing disk space and backing up data. File management also includes setting permissions and managing access to files by different users. The main goal of file management is to keep the files on a computer organized, easy to find, and secure from unauthorized access.

Q. 3. Name five examples of Multi user operating system.

Ans. Examples of Multi user O.S are UNIX, Red Hat Linux, Windows 2000, Solaris etc.

Windows Server

Linux (Ubuntu Server, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, etc.)

UNIX

Novell NetWare

IBM AIX.

Q. 4. Which is the latest version of MS-Windows ?

Ans. Latest version of MS-Windows is Windows 7.

As of my knowledge cut-off of 2021, the latest version of MS-Windows is Windows 10.

Q. 5. When was UNIX developed and where ?

Ans. UNIX was developed at AT & T Bell Laboratories in 1970.

UNIX was developed in the late 1960s at AT&T Bell Labs, by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others.

Q. 6. Which operating system has the features of web hosting ?

Ans. UNIX has the features of web hosting.

Linux operating system has the features of web hosting. It is known for its stability and security, making it a popular choice for running web servers. Additionally, Linux is open-source software, which means it can be freely modified and distributed, making it a cost-effective option for web hosting.

Q. 7. Which operating system does not provide multitasking ?

Ans. MS-DOS.

MS-DOS does not provide multitasking.

Q. 8. Which Operating system does not support graphics and visual displays ?

Ans. DOS does not support graphics and visual displays.

Text-based operating systems, such as DOS, do not support graphics and visual displays.

Q. 9. How many user can DOS have ?

Ans. DOS can have only single user.

DOS (Disk Operating System) is a single-user, single-tasking operating system, meaning it can only handle one user and one task at a time.

Q. 10. How many user can be there in UNIX Operating System ?

Ans. More than one users can be there in UNIX Operating System.

UNIX is a multi-user operating system, meaning that it can support multiple users accessing the system at the same time. The number of users that can be supported by UNIX can vary depending on the specific implementation and the system's resources. It can support hundreds or thousands of users.

Q. 11. What is Window XP ?

Ans. It is an Operating System. It was first consumer oriented operating system.

Windows XP (short for Windows eXPerience) is a personal computer operating system that was produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was released to the public on October 25, 2001, and was the most widely used version of Windows until it was succeeded by Windows 7. Windows XP introduced many new features and improvements, including a new user interface, improved support for multimedia, and improved networking capabilities. It was also the first version of Windows to include built-in support for wireless networking.

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Operating System is an interface between the Hardware and users of the computer

system.

The operating system acts as a bridge between the computer's hardware and the software that the users interact with. It manages the computer's resources, such as memory and processing power, and provides a user-friendly interface for users to interact with the system. It also manages the file system, and provides basic functionalities such as input/output operations, security, and communication between software and hardware.

2. Any program in execution is called process

A process is an instance of a program in execution, it includes the program code, its current activity, and the data it manipulates. An operating system manages the processes running on a computer by allocating resources like memory, CPU time, and input/output operations.

3. In single user OS only one program can be executed at a time.

In a single-user OS, multiple programs can be executed at the same time through multitasking.

4. Multi Processing  OS have two or more than two independent CPUs.

ulti Processing OS is designed to use multiple processors or cores in order to improve performance and increase the speed of processing tasks. This is different from multi-tasking, which allows multiple programs to run simultaneously on a single processor.

5. Examples of operating system are Unix/MS-DOS etc.

UNIX and MS-DOS are examples of operating systems.

6. Multi-tasking  allows more than one program to run concurrently.

Multi-tasking allows multiple programs to run at the same time and share the resources of the computer, such as memory and processing power. This allows users to perform multiple tasks simultaneously, rather than having to switch between different programs.