08-WORKING OF INTERNET

INTRODUCTION

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer systems that communicate with each other through standardized communication protocols. It is a vast network of computers, servers, and other devices that are connected to each other and exchange information. The Internet is considered as one of the greatest technological innovations of the 20th century and has had a profound impact on our lives and the way we communicate and access information.

The Internet was first developed in the late 1960s as a research project funded by the US Department of Definse. It was initially designed to connect military computer systems for secure communication and data sharing. However, over time, the Internet has evolved into a widely used global network that connects people, organizations, and businesses from all over the world.

The Internet is a decentralized network, which means that there is no single point of control or ownership. Instead, it is maintained and run by a global network of individual users, organizations, and companies. This allows the Internet to be a highly flexible and adaptable network that is able to accommodate new technologies, services, and applications.

Today, the Internet has become a critical part of our daily lives, providing us with a vast array of services and information, including e-mail, online shopping, social media, news, entertainment, and much more. The Internet has changed the way we work, learn, and interact with each other, and has opened up new opportunities for businesses, governments, and individuals alike.

INTERNET-DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential component of the Internet that translates domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into numerical IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.0.1) that computers use to communicate with each other. The DNS operates as a decentralized, hierarchical, and scalable database that maps domain names to IP addresses and other related information.

When a user enters a domain name into their browser, the DNS server is responsible for resolving the domain name into the corresponding IP address. The DNS query begins at the local DNS cache or resolver, which is usually maintained by the user's Internet Service Provider (ISP). If the local cache does not have the IP address, the query is passed on to the next DNS server in the hierarchy.

IP ADDRESSES

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for devices connected to the internet. It is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to the internet that acts as its virtual address on the network. An IP address enables the location of billions of digital devices that are connected to the internet to be pinpointed and differentiated from other devices.

The two main types of IP addresses are IPv4 (32-bit) and IPv6 (128-bit). IPv4 addresses are written as four sets of numbers separated by dots, for example, 192.168.1.1. IPv6 addresses are written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons, for example, 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

Each IP address has two components: the network portion and the host portion. The network portion of the IP address identifies the network to which a device belongs, while the host portion is unique to that device.

The IP address system is responsible for routing data packets to their destination through the internet. When a device sends information, it first breaks down the data into small packets and then sends each packet individually to its destination using the destination IP address. At the destination, the packets are reassembled into their original form and the information is delivered to the recipient.

In conclusion, IP addresses are a crucial part of the internet as they help to identify and locate digital devices and route data packets to their destination.

WHAT IS WEB?

The World Wide Web (WWW or Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents and other resources, such as images, videos, and other multimedia content, accessed through the Internet. It was created in 1989 by British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee and is used as a platform for accessing and sharing information online. The Web is based on HTML (HyperText Markup Language), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) to identify and retrieve resources on the Internet. Today, the Web is a vital part of the daily life of billions of people around the world and is used for a wide range of activities such as online shopping, communication, entertainment, and education

Website

A website is a collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that are hosted on a server and can be accessed through the internet. Websites are used for a variety of purposes, including information sharing, online commerce, and communication. They typically have a specific domain name and a structure that is organized around pages, links, and content. The content on a website can be static, dynamic, or a combination of both and is often created using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Websites can be accessed using a web browser, such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge.

Webpage

A web page is a document or information resource on the World Wide Web that typically consists of an HTML or XHTML document, images and other resources, such as JavaScript, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It is identified by a unique URL and can be accessed through a web browser. A web page is a basic unit of information on the web, and can contain text, images, multimedia content, and interactive elements such as links to other web pages or other forms of media.

Difference between website and webpage

A website is a collection of webpages that are connected by hyperlinks and belong to a single domain. A website can have multiple pages and can be used for various purposes such as personal, business, educational, etc.

A webpage is a single document on the internet that contains information and can be viewed by a web browser. It is a component of a website and is identified by a unique URL. A webpage can contain text, images, videos, links, and other multimedia content.

In summary, a website is a broader term that encompasses multiple webpages while a webpage is a single unit of a website.

WEB ADDRESS OR URL

A web address, also known as a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), is the unique identifier for a specific webpage on the internet. A URL consists of several components, including the protocol (such as HTTP or HTTPS), the domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific resource on the website. For example, "https://www.google.com" is the URL for the Google homepage. A URL is used to access a webpage and its contents, including text, images, and multimedia content.

LETTER USED WEB ADDRESSES

Web addresses, also known as Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), are the unique addresses used to identify and locate specific web pages on the internet. The letter used in a web address can represent different things:

"http" or "https": These letters represent the protocol used to access the webpage. "http" stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, while "https" stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, which uses encryption to secure the data transmitted between the user's device and the website.

"www": This letter represents the World Wide Web and is a subdomain commonly used for websites. However, not all websites use "www" in their URL.

The domain name: This is the main part of the web address and identifies the website, for example, "google.com".

The file path: This part of the URL specifies the location of the specific file or page within the website, for example, "/search".

URLs help users find and access specific web pages and content on the internet.

WEB BROWSER

A web browser is a software application that allows users to access, retrieve and view the content of the World Wide Web. It is used for browsing the internet and is capable of rendering and displaying web pages, images, videos and other digital media. Web browsers communicate with web servers and retrieve the content, which is then displayed on the user's device. Some of the most popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Apple Safari, and others.

USEB OF WEB BROWSER

A web browser is an application software that provides a way to access and view web pages on the Internet. A web browser acts as a client-side software that makes a request to a web server for content, which is then displayed on the user's device.

The primary use of a web browser is to access and navigate the World Wide Web. This includes displaying text, images, videos, and other multimedia content from a variety of websites. Some web browsers also provide additional features like bookmarks, history, tabbed browsing, and download management.

Another use of a web browser is to search the Internet. Most web browsers have a built-in search bar that allows users to quickly find information, products, or services. Some browsers also provide the ability to save and manage bookmarks, making it easier to quickly access frequently visited sites.

SELF PRACTICE

Self-practice refers to the act of regularly and consistently practicing a skill, knowledge or activity in order to improve or maintain proficiency. This is a valuable technique for personal and professional growth and can be applied in various fields such as sports, music, art, writing, language learning, and more.

In the context of the web, self-practice can involve honing one's skills in web development, web design, search engine optimization, content creation, and more. By working on personal projects, participating in online forums and communities, and continuously experimenting with new technologies and techniques, individuals can improve their skills and stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in the field.

Self-practice can also involve utilizing various tools and resources available on the web, such as online tutorials, video courses, and practice websites. By taking the time to practice and develop skills in a structured manner, individuals can reach their goals and achieve their full potential in the web.

NAVIGATION FOR SEEKING INFORMATION

Navigation for seeking information on the Internet refers to the process of finding and accessing desired information from the vast amount of data available on the World Wide Web. It is the primary means of exploring and accessing information available on the internet.

There are several ways to navigate and find information on the internet, including the use of web browsers, search engines, and directories.

Web Browsers: Web browsers such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, etc. provide an easy-to-use interface for accessing web pages and searching for information on the internet. They allow users to type in a URL or search term in the address bar and access web pages related to the entered search terms.

Search Engines: Search engines like Google, Bing, Yahoo, etc. are another popular way of navigating and seeking information on the internet. They provide a search bar where a user can enter a keyword or phrase related to their search query and the search engine will provide a list of relevant web pages.

Directories: Directories are similar to search engines, but they are organized in a hierarchical manner, categorizing websites and web pages into different categories. Some popular directories include Yahoo Directory and the Open Directory Project (DMOZ).

In conclusion, navigation for seeking information on the internet is a crucial aspect for users to access and find the information they need in an efficient and effective manner. The options for navigation are numerous and varied, giving users the freedom to choose the most suitable method for their needs.

SETTING THE DEFAULT HOME PAGE

The default home page is the first page that is displayed when a web browser is opened. It is the page that a user sees when they first start their web browser and type in a URL or click on a bookmark. The default home page can be set by the user in the settings of their web browser.

To set the default home page, follow these steps:

Open the web browser

Go to the options or settings menu of the browser

Look for the “Home Page” or “Star up Page” section

Enter the URL of the desired home page

Save the changes made

Once the default home page is set, it will be displayed every time the web browser is opened, unless changed again by the user.

MAKING LIST OF FAVOURITE WEBSITES

Making a list of favorite websites refers to the process of saving or bookmarking frequently visited websites for easy access. This feature is provided by most web browsers and allows you to quickly access your favorite websites without having to remember the URL or go through a search engine. To make a list of favorite websites, you need to follow these steps:

Open your web browser: Open your preferred web browser, such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge.

Navigate to a website: Visit the website that you want to add to your favorites list.

Add to favorites: In most browsers, you can add a website to your favorites list by clicking on the star icon located in the address bar. Some browsers also have a "Bookmark this page" option in the menu bar or the right-click context menu.

Organize your favorites: You can organize your favorites list by creating folders, renaming bookmarks, and changing their order. This can be done by right-clicking on the bookmark and selecting "Edit" or "Organize."

Access your favorites: To access your favorite websites, click on the bookmarks icon in the browser's toolbar and select the website you want to visit.

By making a list of your favorite websites, you can quickly access them without having to search or type in the URL every time. This can save you time and effort, and make browsing the web more convenient.

TRACKING THE LIST OF VIEWED WEB PAGES

Tracking the list of viewed web pages is a feature provided by most web browsers. The purpose of tracking the list of viewed web pages is to keep a record of the websites that you have visited and make it easier for you to go back to the websites you visited recently. The feature is commonly referred to as "History" in most web browsers.

To access the list of viewed web pages, you can open the web browser and click on the "History" option. This option is usually located in the menu bar at the top of the browser window or under the settings or tools menu. Once you click on the "History" option, a list of all the websites you have visited will be displayed. You can then click on any of the websites in the list to go directly to the page.

In addition to keeping a record of the websites you have visited, most web browsers also provide options for clearing your history, removing specific websites from the list, or setting the number of days for which the history will be kept.

Overall, tracking the list of viewed web pages is a useful feature that makes it easier for you to navigate the web and keep track of the websites you have visited.

OPENING MULTIPLE BROWSER WINDOWS ON THE COMPUTER

Opening multiple browser windows on a computer refers to having multiple instances of a web browser running simultaneously. This allows the user to have multiple web pages open at the same time and switch between them easily. This feature can be useful when you need to compare information between different websites or to keep different tasks separate. To open multiple browser windows, you can simply click on the browser's icon multiple times or right-click on the browser icon and select "New Window" or "New Tab." The method may vary depending on the type of browser you are using.

DOWNLOADING

Downloading is the process of transferring data from the internet to a local or remote device, typically a computer. The data can be in the form of files, images, videos, software, or any other digital content. When you download a file, you make a copy of it from the server to your device, allowing you to access it anytime, even when you are not connected to the internet. The speed of downloading depends on the speed of your internet connection, the size of the file, and the traffic on the internet. The download process is initiated by clicking a download link or button on a webpage, or by entering a specific download link into the browser's address bar. Once the download is complete, the file can be opened, edited, or saved to a preferred location on the device.

SEARCH ENGINE

A search engine is a software application that is used to find and retrieve information on the World Wide Web. A search engine operates by indexing (scanning and storing) large amounts of data from the web, and then provides relevant information in response to a user's query. The results are usually displayed in the form of a list of webpages that match the user's query. Examples of popular search engines are Google, Bing, Yahoo, Baidu, etc. The primary function of a search engine is to help users find information more efficiently and accurately.

USING E-MAIL

E-mail, or electronic mail, is a method of exchanging messages electronically over the internet. It is a fundamental tool for communication in today's digital world, allowing individuals to send and receive messages from anywhere in the world. To use e-mail, one needs to have an e-mail account, which is created through an e-mail provider such as Gmail, Yahoo, or Outlook.com. To send an e-mail, the user composes a message, enters the recipient's e-mail address, and clicks on the "send" button. The recipient receives the message in their inbox and can reply to the message or forward it to others. E-mail is a fast, convenient, and cost-effective way to communicate, making it a popular tool for personal and professional communication.

CHECKING AND SENDING E-MAIL ON HOTMAIL

To check and send email on Hotmail, you would need to have an email account with Hotmail (or Outlook.com, which is now the name of the email service provided by Microsoft). To access your account, follow these steps:

1. Open a web browser and go to outlook.com

2. Enter your Hotmail email address and password and sign in to your account

3. On the main page, you can view the messages in your inbox. To read a message, click on it

4. To compose a new email, click on the "New email" button

5. Fill in the required fields, including the recipient's email address, the subject of the email, and the body of the message

6. To send the email, click on the "Send" button.

Note: These steps may vary slightly depending on the version of Hotmail you are using, but the basic process should be the same.

READING AND REPLYING E-MAIL

Reading and replying e-mails are basic functions of an e-mail client. To read e-mail, a user typically opens their e-mail inbox, which displays a list of all the e-mails they have received. They can then select an e-mail to open and read its contents. To reply to an e-mail, the user clicks the "reply" button, which opens a new e-mail with the recipient automatically filled in. The user can then type their response, add any attachments if necessary, and click "send" to send the reply e-mail. This process is a convenient and efficient way to communicate with others through the internet.

FIGHTING SPAM

Fighting spam refers to the efforts taken to prevent unsolicited and unwanted electronic messages, commonly known as spam, from reaching a user's email inbox. This can be achieved through a variety of methods, including filtering, blocking, or marking such messages as spam. Filtering involves using software to identify and separate unwanted messages from the rest of the inbox. Blocking involves completely stopping messages from a specific sender or domain from reaching the inbox. Marking messages as spam allows users to flag certain messages as unwanted and may help email providers improve their filtering systems. Additionally, users can also avoid spam by being cautious when giving out their email addresses and by not responding to suspicious messages.

SOFTING MAIL

Softing mail refers to a type of email filtering technique used to reduce the amount of unsolicited or unwanted emails, also known as spam, that a user receives in their inbox. It works by using a set of rules and algorithms to evaluate incoming emails and identify those that are likely to be spam. The email system then either moves these emails to a designated spam folder, deletes them, or marks them as spam.

The main goal of softing mail is to increase the efficiency and productivity of email users by reducing the amount of time they have to spend sifting through unwanted emails. It also helps to protect users from phishing scams and other malicious emails that can cause harm to their computers or steal their personal information.

The effectiveness of softing mail can vary depending on the specific algorithms used and the way in which the system is configured. Some email systems use a simple rule-based approach, while others employ machine learning techniques to continuously improve the accuracy of their filtering. Some common techniques used in softing mail include analyzing the sender's reputation, analyzing the content of the email for keywords that are commonly associated with spam, and checking for unusual formatting or structure.

Overall, softing mail is an important tool for managing the volume of email and ensuring that users are only receiving messages that are relevant and important to them.

How email is sorted by domain names

Email is sorted by domain names through the use of the Domain Name System (DNS). When an email is sent, the sender's email client sends the email to their email server. The email server then looks up the recipient's email address in the DNS to find the IP address of the recipient's email server. The email is then sent to the recipient's email server using the IP address found in the DNS. The recipient's email server uses the domain name in the recipient's email address to determine where the email should be delivered. The email is then delivered to the recipient's inbox. In this way, domain names are used to sort and direct emails to their intended recipients.

How email is sorted in Inbox

Email sorting in an Inbox refers to the arrangement of emails in a specific order based on certain criteria, such as date, sender, subject, etc. This helps in organizing and prioritizing the emails, making it easier for users to find what they are looking for. The method of email sorting can vary depending on the email client or service being used. Some popular email clients like Gmail, Outlook, and Yahoo Mail, allow users to sort emails based on several criteria, such as date, subject, sender, etc. The email sorting process may also involve the use of filters or rules, which can automatically sort incoming emails based on specific conditions, such as sender, subject, or keyword. The process of email sorting is an important aspect of managing an inbox, as it helps users keep track of their emails and respond to them in a timely and organized manner.

AVOIDING EMAIL VIRUSES

Email viruses are malicious software programs that spread through email attachments or links. To avoid email viruses, follow these steps:

Be cautious of unexpected or suspicious emails: If you receive an email from an unknown sender or with an unusual subject line, be wary.

Don't open attachments from unknown senders: If you receive an email with an attachment from an unknown sender, don't open it.

Update your antivirus software: Make sure you have the latest version of antivirus software installed on your computer.

Use a spam filter: Most email clients have built-in spam filters that help identify and filter out spam emails.

Avoid clicking on links: If you receive an email with a suspicious link, do not click on it.

Enable macro security in Microsoft Office: By default, Microsoft Office disables macros in email attachments. Keep this setting enabled to prevent the execution of malicious macros.

Backup your data: Regularly backup your important data to protect against data loss due to viruses or other malicious attacks.

EMOTICONS

Emoticons are symbols or pictorial representations used in electronic communications, such as email and instant messaging, to express emotions or convey a tone or attitude. They are used to add emphasis or humor to text messages and emails. They are created by combining keyboard characters or symbols to form a simple image that represents an emotion, such as a smiley face for happiness or a frowny face for sadness. Emoticons are commonly used to enhance the meaning of a message, making it easier for the recipient to understand the tone or emotion behind the message.

INTERNET LINGO

Internet lingo refers to the shorthand, abbreviations, and other specialized language used on the Internet. Some common examples of internet lingo include:

IMHO: In My Humble Opinion

LOL: Laugh Out Loud

ROFL: Rolling on the Floor Laughing

TTYL: Talk to You Later

BTW: By the Way

These terms are used in online communication, such as email, instant messaging, and social media, to save time and convey meaning more efficiently. Internet lingo is constantly evolving, with new terms being added and old terms falling out of use.

ILLUSTRATION

An illustration is a visual representation or depiction of an idea, concept, or object, often created to help explain or clarify a topic. Illustrations can take many forms, such as drawings, sketches, graphs, charts, diagrams, paintings, or photographs. They can be created using various media, such as pencils, inks, paints, digital tools, or a combination of these. Illustrations are used in a wide range of fields, including education, advertising, publishing, and art, and can help to convey information in a clear, concise, and engaging way.

Answer the following questions in 1-15 words. Each question carries one mark.

Q.1 . What is downloading?

Ans. Downloading refers to the process of copying or transferring a digital file from one device or server to another, such as from the Internet to a local computer or mobile device. The term is often used to describe the act of downloading software, music, videos, images, or other types of media. Downloading typically requires an active Internet connection and a web browser or other software that is capable of accessing and retrieving the desired file. Once the file has been downloaded, it can be saved on the local device, manipulated or played, or transmitted to other users or devices.

Q.2. What is E-mail?

Ans. E-mail (Electronic mail) is a form of electronic communication that allows users to exchange messages, files, and other information via the Internet or other computer networks. It allows for real-time, asynchronous communication between two or more users.

Q.3. What is navigation?

Ans. Navigation refers to the process of moving or browsing through a website or a computer application to find information or complete a task. It involves using navigation links, menus, buttons, and other tools to navigate through the content and structure of a website or application.

Q.4. What is Surfing?

Ans. Surfing is the act of browsing or navigating the World Wide Web (WWW), often with the intention of finding and accessing information or services online. It is typically done through a web browser, where users can follow links to different websites, and search for information using search engines or other online tools.

Q.5. What is ‘net’?

Ans. The term "net" is often used as a shorthand for the Internet, which is a global network of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It enables the exchange of information, communication, and the sharing of data and resources between users connected to it.

Q.6. What do you mean by Network?

Ans. A network is a collection of computers, servers, and other devices that are connected together to allow the exchange of data and information. The interconnected devices can be linked through various technologies, including wired or wireless connections, to form a network that can be local (LAN) or span a large geographic area (WAN). The purpose of a network is to facilitate communication, share resources, and improve the efficiency of computing operations.

Q.7. What does HTML stands for?

Ans. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.

Q.8. What does ‘online’ mean?

Ans. The term "online" refers to the state of being connected to the internet and having access to information and communication resources available through the network. It means that a device or computer is connected to the internet and can communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems also connected to the internet.

Q.9. What is URL?

Ans. URL stands for "Uniform Resource Locator" and is the unique address of a web page or resource on the internet. It is used to specify the location of a web page, file, or other resources on the internet, and provides a way for a user to access these resources through a web browser. An example of a URL is "https://www.example.com/index.html".

Q.10. What is Website?

Ans. A website is a collection of web pages and related content, such as images, videos, and audio, that is identified by a common domain name and hosted on a web server. Websites are accessed through the internet using a web browser and can contain information, products, and services, among other things. Websites can be simple or complex and can be used for personal, educational, or commercial purposes.

Q.11. What is Browser?

Ans. A web browser is a software application that allows users to access, view, and interact with information on the World Wide Web. It retrieves and displays web pages, as well as allows users to navigate between pages and perform various other online activities. Some common web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Microsoft Edge.

Q.12. Name some web browser?

Ans. Some popular web browsers include:

1. Google Chrome

2. Mozilla Firefox

3. Microsoft Edge (previously known as Internet Explorer)

4. Safari (for Apple devices)

5. Opera

6. Brave

7. Vivaldi.

Q.13. What is internet domain?

Ans. An internet domain refers to a specific address or a set of addresses within the internet that represent a particular entity such as a company, organization, or individual. A domain is a unique identifier used to locate websites and other resources on the internet. The most common type of internet domains are top-level domains (TLDs) such as .com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov, and others. Internet domains are managed and maintained by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

Q.14. Name some domains?

Ans. There are many different types of internet domains, including:

1.com (commercial)

2.org (organization)

3.net (network)

4.edu (educational)

5.gov (government)

6.mil (military)

7.int (international organizations)

8.biz (business)

9.info (information)

10.name (personal)

These are some of the most common top-level domains (TLDs), but there are many others as well, such as country-code TLDs (e.g. .uk for the United Kingdom, .fr for France) and generic TLDs (e.g. .tech, .art).

Q.15. What are search engines?

Ans. Search engines are websites or programs that help users search for information on the Internet. They allow users to type in keywords or phrases related to what they're looking for, and the search engine returns a list of relevant websites, documents, images, videos, etc. Examples of search engines include Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Baidu.

Q.16. What do you mean by Cc and Bcc in e-mail?

Ans. Cc (Carbon Copy) and Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy) are fields in an email message that allow a sender to specify multiple recipients. The Cc field displays the email addresses of all the recipients who will receive a copy of the message. The Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy) field allows the sender to send a copy of the message to one or more recipients without the other recipients knowing about it. Bcc recipients are not displayed in the message header, making it a convenient way to send confidential information.

Q.17. Which type of file can be sent as attachment?

Ans. Many types of files can be sent as attachments in emails, including documents (such as Microsoft Word or PDF files), images (such as JPEG or PNG files), audio files (such as MP3 or WAV files), video files (such as MP4 or AVI files), and compressed files (such as ZIP or RAR files). The size and type of file that can be sent as an attachment may be limited by the email service provider or by individual email account settings.

Q.18. What do you understand by internet domain?

Ans. The Internet domain refers to the name and address of a website or a computer resource connected to the internet. It is a hierarchical naming system that is used to identify and locate computers and resources on the internet. A domain name is a unique identifier for a website, and it is typically formed by combining the name of the website with a top-level domain (TLD) such as .com, .org, .net, etc. The domain name is translated into an IP address, which is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to the internet. The Internet domain system is responsible for resolving domain names into IP addresses, allowing for the seamless navigation of the internet.

Q.19. What do you mean by web page?

Ans. A web page is a document that is designed to be displayed on the World Wide Web. It is accessed through a web browser and is made up of text, images, videos, and other media content. Web pages are usually created using HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and can be made interactive using JavaScript, CSS, and other web technologies. A web page is typically a part of a larger website and can be accessed through a unique URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

The answer to these questions should be given in 5-10 lines.

Q.1. What is Web?

Ans. The World Wide Web (WWW or Web) is a vast network of information, documents, videos, images, and other resources interconnected through the Internet. It is a system of linked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet, which allows users to access and interact with this information. The Web is based on HTML, which is the standard language used to create and format web pages, and is made possible by web browsers that allow users to access and view these pages.

Q.2. What is hypertext?

Ans. Hypertext refers to the text that contains links to other texts or web pages. It allows users to navigate between pages or documents by clicking on hyperlinks. The links can lead to other web pages, images, videos, or any other type of digital content on the internet. Hypertext allows for non-linear navigation of information and provides a more interactive and dynamic user experience on the web.

Q.3. What do you mean by website?

Ans. A website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server. It can be used for various purposes, such as providing information, conducting business, or offering entertainment. Websites can be accessed via a web browser on a computer, tablet, or smartphone.

Q.4. What is browser?

Ans. A web browser is a software application that allows users to access, retrieve and view the content of the World Wide Web. It enables users to request and display web pages and other resources available on the internet. Examples of popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Microsoft Edge.

Q.5. Are internet and www the same things?

Ans. the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) are not the same things. The Internet is a global network of computers and servers that are connected to each other and allow the exchange of information and data. The World Wide Web, on the other hand, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents, images, and other multimedia content that can be accessed through the Internet using a web browser. The World Wide Web is just one of the many services that run on the Internet.

Q.6. What do you mean by browsing?

Ans. Browsing refers to the act of navigating and exploring content on the World Wide Web using a web browser. It involves navigating to different web pages and websites, accessing information, and following links to other related pages. Browsing enables users to search and discover new information, resources, and content on the Internet.

Q.7. What is URL?

Ans. URL stands for "Uniform Resource Locator," which is a string of text that specifies the location of a resource on the internet, such as a webpage. URLs can contain various types of information, including the protocol (e.g., "http" or "https"), the domain name, the file path, and parameters for querying data. They are used by browsers to access and display web pages, and can be clicked on or entered into the address bar to navigate to different parts of the internet.

Q.8. Write any four uses of web browser.

Ans. Accessing Websites: The primary use of a web browser is to access and view websites on the Internet. A user can enter a website's URL into the browser's address bar and the browser will display the website's content.

Searching for Information: Web browsers can also be used as a search tool to find information on the Internet. Most browsers have a built-in search engine that allows users to search for specific topics or keywords.

Downloading Files: Browsers can also be used to download files from the Internet, such as documents, images, videos, and software programs.

Online Communication: Many web browsers have integrated features that allow users to communicate with others online, such as email, instant messaging, and online forums.

The answer to these questions should be given in 15-20 lines.

Q.1. What do you understand by website? How can you access information available on the website?

Ans. A website is a collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that are hosted on a web server and made accessible via the Internet. The information available on a website can be accessed by typing the website's URL (Uniform Resource Locator) into a web browser and navigating to the desired web page. Some websites can also be accessed via search engines, where users can search for specific information or keywords related to the website. Once on the website, users can access the information available by clicking links, scrolling through pages, or using search functions within the website itself.

Q.2. What is web address? Explain with examples various letters used in the web addresses?

Ans. A web address, also known as a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), is a unique string of characters that specifies the location of a particular web page or resource on the internet. For example, "https://www.google.com" is a web address that takes you to the Google homepage.

The various letters used in web addresses include:

1. HTTP/HTTPS: The protocol used to access the resource, either HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) or HTTPS (HTTP Secure).

2. WWW: The subdomain that indicates that the resource is hosted on the World Wide Web.

3. Domain name: The name of the website, such as "google.com".

4. Path: The specific location of a resource within the website, such as "/search" for a search page.

5. File extension: The type of file being accessed, such as ".html" for an HTML web page or ".jpg" for an image file.

Q.3. What is wed browser? How can you access information on the web using web browser?

Ans. A web browser is a software application that allows users to access, retrieve, and display information and resources available on the World Wide Web (WWW) through the Internet. The information on the web is organized into web pages that can be accessed through unique web addresses, also known as URLs (Uniform Resource Locators). To access information on the web using a web browser, follow these steps:

Launch your web browser (e.g. Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, etc.).

In the address bar, enter the URL of the website you want to access.

Press the Enter key on your keyboard to load the website.

Browse through the website to find the information you are looking for.

Note: Some web browsers allow you to save websites as bookmarks for easy access in the future.

Q.4. What do you mean by search engine?

Ans. A search engine is a software application that provides a way to search for information on the World Wide Web. It enables users to search for websites, images, videos, and other online content based on specific keywords or phrases. Search engines work by indexing the content of websites and storing it in a database. When a user enters a search query, the search engine matches the query against its database and returns a list of relevant results, ranked according to relevancy and popularity. Some popular search engines are Google, Bing, and Yahoo.

Q.5. What do you mean by a web site? What is the difference between the two?

Ans. A web site is a collection of web pages that are typically related in some way and reside on a single web server. It may also include multimedia content, such as images, videos, and audio. A website is a publicly accessible interface for users to access and interact with the information and services provided by a company, organization, or individual.

The difference between a website and a web page is that a website consists of multiple web pages, whereas a web page is a single page within a website. A website is a larger entity, while a web page is a specific component of a website.

Q.6. What is downloading? Explain with the help of an example?

Ans. Downloading refers to the process of copying files from the internet onto your local computer or device. The downloaded files can be images, videos, software programs, documents, etc.

For example, if you want to download a movie from a streaming site, you would click on the download button and the movie file would be transferred from the streaming site's server to your computer's hard drive. Once the download is complete, you can then play the movie file from your computer.

Q.7. ‘’E-mail is an economical and efficient way of communication.’’ Comment.

Ans. e-mail is a cost-effective and efficient form of communication, as it allows users to send and receive messages and attachments over the internet quickly and easily, without the need for physical mail or expensive courier services. E-mail is accessible from any device with an internet connection and has made communication with people all over the world much easier and more convenient. Additionally, e-mail is also a highly scalable solution, as it can handle a large volume of messages and attachments, making it suitable for both personal and business communication.

ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS

Q.1. What is the web? Explain in detail the use of web browser?

Ans. The web, also known as the World Wide Web, is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The web was invented in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee as a way of sharing information over the internet. A web browser is a software application that enables users to access and view web pages on the internet.

A web browser is an essential tool for accessing the web. It can be used to search for information, connect to websites, view online content, download files, and more. Some of the most common uses of a web browser include:

Browsing the web: With a web browser, you can easily navigate the web by entering a URL or using a search engine. This allows you to find and access any information available online.

Online shopping: You can use a web browser to buy goods and services online. Online shopping is convenient, fast and saves time.

Social media: With a web browser, you can access social media websites and connect with friends, family, and communities.

E-mail: Many web browsers have built-in email clients that allow you to send and receive email messages.

Streaming video and audio: With a web browser, you can watch videos, listen to music, and view other multimedia content available on the web.

There are many different web browsers available, including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Microsoft Edge, among others. The choice of which browser to use depends on individual preferences and needs.

Q.2. Explain in detail the various options available in the Internet Explorer?

Ans. Internet Explorer is a web browser that was developed by Microsoft and was one of the most widely used web browsers until it was replaced by Microsoft Edge. Internet Explorer has a range of features and options that make browsing the web an easy and efficient experience. Some of the options available in Internet Explorer are:

Home Page: This option allows you to set your preferred home page, which will automatically open every time you start Internet Explorer.

Tabs: Internet Explorer supports multiple tabs, allowing you to have multiple web pages open at the same time in the same window.

Favorites: Internet Explorer allows you to save links to your favorite websites for quick and easy access.

History: This option allows you to view a list of websites that you have visited in the past and provides quick access to them.

Security: Internet Explorer provides several security options to protect your computer from malicious websites, pop-up ads, and other security threats.

Tools: This option includes a range of tools, such as the Internet Options, which allows you to customize your browsing experience by setting security and privacy preferences.

Help: The Help option provides access to support and information about Internet Explorer, including troubleshooting and how-to guides.

Address Bar: Internet Explorer's address bar allows you to enter a URL or search query and quickly navigate to a web page.

Back and Forward Buttons: The back and forward buttons allow you to navigate back to previously viewed web pages or forward to the next page in your browsing history.

In conclusion, Internet Explorer is a user-friendly web browser that provides a range of options and features to help you navigate the web efficiently and securely.

Q.3. What is a search engine? Explain with the help of an example the use of any search engine?

Ans.

A search engine is a tool that enables users to search for information on the Internet. It works by using a database of web pages, images, videos and other online content, which it stores and organizes, and it returns relevant results to the user based on their search query. An example of a popular search engine is Google.

To use a search engine, one simply types a keyword or phrase related to the information they are looking for into the search box. The search engine then uses algorithms to find the most relevant content, such as websites, images, videos, and news articles, and presents them to the user in a list of results. The user can then click on the results to access the information they are looking for. This makes searching for information on the web quick and convenient.

Q.4. Explain the procedure of reading and sending e-mails?

Ans. Reading and sending e-mails typically involves the following steps:

Log in to your e-mail account: To access your e-mail, you need to log in to your e-mail service provider's website, such as Gmail, Yahoo, or Outlook, using your username and password.

Viewing Inbox: Once you have logged in, you will be taken to your Inbox where you will see a list of all the e-mails that you have received.

Reading an email: To read an e-mail, simply click on the e-mail to open it. You can then read the e-mail, including the sender's information, subject, and message.

Replying to an email: To reply to an email, click the "Reply" button. A new e-mail window will open, and you can type your response in the message field. You can also choose to reply to just the sender or to the entire list of recipients.

Composing a new email: To compose a new e-mail, click the "New Message" button. In the new e-mail window, enter the recipient's e-mail address, subject, and message. You can also add attachments if needed.

Sending an email: To send an e-mail, click the "Send" button. The e-mail will be sent to the recipient's e-mail address.

Organizing emails: Most e-mail services have options for organizing your e-mails, such as moving e-mails to different folders, marking e-mails as read or unread, or deleting e-mails.

Q.5. Define web browser. Explain any three web browsers and write the uses of web browser?

Ans. A web browser is a software application that enables users to access, retrieve and view information and content available on the World Wide Web. Some popular web browsers include:

Google Chrome - It is fast, secure, and easy to use. It supports various extensions, themes, and can sync bookmarks, history, and tabs across devices.

Mozilla Firefox - It is a privacy-focused browser that blocks trackers and offers an intuitive interface with support for extensions and themes.

Microsoft Edge - It is a modern browser from Microsoft that provides a fast and secure browsing experience. It has an updated interface and supports Microsoft 365 services and extensions.

The uses of web browsers include:

1. Browsing websites and web pages

2. Accessing information on the internet

3. Downloading and uploading files from the internet

4. Searching and accessing information through search engines

5. Online shopping, banking, and other activities that require internet access.

Q.6. ‘’ The advent of internet has redefined the world of communication’’ critically examine this statement.

Ans. The statement that the advent of the internet has redefined the world of communication is true. The internet has revolutionized the way people communicate with each other, making it faster, more efficient, and cost-effective. Before the internet, people relied on traditional methods of communication such as letters, telegrams, and telephone calls. But with the advent of the internet, communication has become much easier and accessible, allowing people to communicate instantly with anyone, anywhere in the world.

One of the major ways in which the internet has redefined communication is through email. Email has become a staple of modern communication, allowing people to send and receive messages, documents, and other files instantly. In addition, the internet has also led to the development of instant messaging, video conferencing, and social media platforms, which have greatly improved the speed and efficiency of communication.

Moreover, the internet has also changed the way people access information. With the help of search engines, people can now search and access information on almost any topic within seconds. This has made it easier for people to learn new things and stay informed about the world around them.

In conclusion, the advent of the internet has indeed redefined the world of communication in a significant way. By making communication faster, more efficient, and accessible, the internet has had a profound impact on how people interact with each other and access information.

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. A unique numeric identifier between 0 to 255 used to specify the host address is :

(a) Web index (b) IP Adress

An IP address is a unique numeric identifier assigned to a device on a network, and it typically consists of four numbers separated by periods (e.g. 192.168.0.1). Each number can range from 0 to 255, and together they identify the device's location on the network.

2. WWW means :

(a) World wide worm (b) World wise wan

(c) World wide web (d) None of these.

WWW stands for World Wide Web, which is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet.

3. URL means :-

(a) Uniform Resource Locator (b) Uniform Resource Loader

The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the unique address that specifies the location of a resource on the Internet, such as a web page or a file. It typically includes the protocol used (such as "http" or "ftp"), the domain name, and the path to the resource on the server

4. Which of the following is not a domain name :-

(a) .com (b) .wan

It depends on the context. WAN can be an acronym for "Wide Area Network" which is not a domain name, but it can also be used as a domain name depending on its registration and usage.

5. Website is collection of :

(a) Video files (b) HTML files

Web pages, images, videos, and other types of content.

6. Which of the following is not a search engine :

(a) Infoseek (b) Google

(c) Page Maker (d) Altavista.

Page Maker is not a search engine, it is a page layout software

7. When you open any website, the first page displayed is :

(a) Master Page (b) First Page

(c) Home Page (d) None of these.

The home page is typically the main page or starting point of a website, and it is usually the first page that users will see when they visit the site.

8. Full form of FTP is :

(a) Funds Transfer Protocol (b) File Transfer Protocol

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, it is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.

9. In the web address www.smu.edu, edu specifies that it is :

(a) educational institute (b) commercial organisation

The "edu" in the web address "www.smu.edu" specifies that it is an educational institute. It is a top-level domain (TLD) reserved for educational institutions. Other examples of TLDs include .com for commercial entities, .gov for government organizations, and .org for non-profit organizations.

10. Internet can be used for :

(a) Uploading (b) Downloading

Internet can be used for a variety of purposes, such as communication through email and instant messaging, information access through browsing and searching, online shopping, entertainment through streaming media and gaming, and many more.

11. In an e-mail address, @ represents :

(a) senders name (b) Domain name

The @ symbol in an e-mail address represents the domain name. It separates the username from the domain name, indicating the address of the email server that the message should be sent to. For example, in the e-mail address "example@gmail.com", "example" is the username and "gmail.com" is the domain name.

Q.1. What is the Internet?

a) A global network of interconnected computer systems

b) A single point of control or ownership

c) A hierarchical database that maps domain names to IP addresses

d) A way to secure and validate DNS information

Q.2. What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?

a) A way to secure and validate DNS information

b) An essential component of the Internet that translates domain names into numerical IP addresses

c) A database that stores information about top-level domains

d) A decentralized network of individual users, organizations, and companies

Q.3. What are the two main types of IP addresses?

a) IPv4 and DNS

b) IPv6 and SSL

c) IPv4 and IPv6

d) DNS and SSL

Q.4. What is the network portion of an IP address?

a) The unique identifier for devices connected to the internet

b) The portion of the IP address that identifies the network to which a device belongs

c) The portion of the IP address that is unique to that device

d) The way to secure and validate DNS information

Q.5. Who created the World Wide Web?

a) Tim Cook

b) Steve Jobs

c) Tim Berners-Lee

d) Mark Zuckerberg

Q.6. What are the three technologies used for the Web?

a) HTML, HTTPS, URLs

b) CSS, FTP, HTTP

c) HTML, HTTP, URLs

d) XHTML, FTP, URLs

Q.7. What is a webpage?

a) A collection of web pages

b) A unit of information on the Web

c) A server that hosts digital assets

d) A specific domain name

Q.8. What is a web address also known as?

a. URL

b. WWW

c. HTTP

d. Domain name

Q.9. Which letter represents the World Wide Web in a web address?

a. http

b. https

c. www

d. domain name

Q.10. What is the primary use of a web browser?

a. to access and navigate the World Wide Web

b. to make transactions and purchase products online

c. to search for information and services

d. to access personal information online

Q.11. What can self-practice involve in the context of the web?

a. honing skills in web development and design

b. participating in sports and music

c. learning a new language

d. gardening and cooking

Q.12. Which of the following is not a way to navigate and find information on the internet?

a) Web browsers

b) Search engines

c) Directories

d) Social media

Q.23. Which of the following is a feature provided by most web browsers to save frequently visited websites for easy access?

a) History

b) Downloads

c) Bookmarks

d) Cookies

Q.24. How can a user set the default home page in their web browser?

a) By typing in the URL of the desired home page every time the browser is opened

b) By selecting the default home page randomly

c) By following the steps in the options or settings menu of the browser

d) By using a search engine to find the desired home page

Q.25. What is the purpose of making a list of favorite websites?

a) To keep track of the websites you have visited.

b) To save websites for easy access.

c) To clear the history of visited websites.

d) To open multiple browser windows.

Q.26. What is the purpose of tracking the list of viewed web pages?

a) To help users find information more efficiently and accurately.

b) To make browsing the web more convenient.

c) To keep a record of the websites that you have visited.

d) To organize your favorite websites.

Q.27. What is the purpose of opening multiple browser windows on a computer?

a) To make browsing the web more convenient.

b) To keep different tasks separate.

c) To organize your favorite websites.

d) To help users find information more efficiently and accurately.

Q.28. What is the process of transferring data from the internet to a local or remote device called?

a) Tracking

b) Downloading

c) Indexing

d) Searching

Q.29. What is the primary function of a search engine?

a) To open multiple browser windows.

b) To keep track of the websites you have visited.

c) To make browsing the web more convenient.

d) To help users find information more efficiently and accurately.

Q.30. What is a web page?

A. A software application used for browsing the internet.

B. A unique identifier for a specific webpage on the internet.

C. A document or information resource on the World Wide Web.

D. A single unit of a website.

Q.31. What is a website?

A. A single document on the internet that contains information and can be viewed by a web browser.

B. A broader term that encompasses multiple webpages.

C. A collection of images and other resources such as JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

D. A software application that allows users to access, retrieve and view the content of the World Wide Web.

Q.32. What does URL stand for?

A. Unique Resource Link

B. Universal Resource Locator

C. Unique Resource Locator

D. Universal Resource Link

Q.33. What is a web browser?

A. A unique identifier for a specific webpage on the internet.

B. A software application used for browsing the internet.

C. A subdomain commonly used for websites.

D. The main part of the web address that identifies the website.

Q.34. What is the primary use of a web browser?

A. To search the internet.

B. To access and navigate the World Wide Web.

C. To display text, images, and videos from a variety of websites.

D. To make transactions, purchase products, and access personal information online.

Q.35. What is the default home page?

a. The first page that a user sees when they first start their web browser and type in a URL or click on a bookmark.

b. A list of favorite websites.

c. The process of transferring data from the internet to a local or remote device.

d. A software application used to find and retrieve information on the World Wide Web.

Q.36. What is the purpose of tracking the list of viewed web pages?

a. To keep a record of the websites that you have visited.

b. To create a list of favorite websites.

c. To open multiple browser windows on the computer.

d. To initiate the download process.

Q.37. How can you organize your favorites list in a web browser?

a. By clicking on the "History" option.

b. By clicking on the bookmarks icon in the browser's toolbar.

c. By right-clicking on the bookmark and selecting "Edit" or "Organize."

d. By clicking on the "Home Page" or "Star up Page" section in the settings of the web browser.

Q.38. What is a search engine?

a. A software application used to find and retrieve information on the World Wide Web.

b. The process of transferring data from the internet to a local or remote device.

c. The first page that a user sees when they first start their web browser and type in a URL or click on a bookmark.

d. A list of favorite websites.

Q.39. Which of the following is not a commonly used e-mail provider?

a. Gmail

b. Hotmail

c. Yahoo

d. Facebook

Q.40. How can a user send an e-mail?

a. Enter the recipient's phone number

b. Compose a message and click on the "send" button

c. Send a letter through the post office

d. Use a fax machine

Q.41. What is the main goal of softing mail?

a. To increase the amount of time users spend sifting through unwanted emails

b. To protect users from phishing scams and other malicious emails

c. To make sure users receive all types of emails, including spam

d. To increase the number of unsolicited or unwanted emails a user receives

Q.42. How is email sorted by domain names?

a. By using filters

b. Through the use of the Domain Name System (DNS)

c. By using emoticons

d. By arranging emails in a specific order

Q.43. What is the purpose of email sorting?

a. To organize and prioritize emails

b. To prevent email viruses

c. To use internet lingo

d. To create illustrations

Q.44. What are emoticons?

a. Abbreviations used in online communication

b. Symbols used in electronic communications to express emotions or convey a tone or attitude

c. Visual representations of ideas or concepts

d. Shorthand used on the Internet

True or False

1. A web site is the collection of web pages. True

A web site is a collection of web pages that are organized and linked together, and can be accessed via a web browser using a unique internet address, such as a domain name.

2. Search engine returns thousand of results for particular search string. True

the case, as the number of results returned by a search engine can vary depending on the search query and the search engine used. Some search engines may return only a few relevant results, while others may return many. Additionally, the relevance and accuracy of the results can also vary.

3. You cannot download movie clips from internet. False

It is possible to download movie clips from the internet from various websites such as YouTube, Vimeo, and many others.

4. E-mail refers to the way in which messages can be sent over the internet. True

e-mail (electronic mail) refers to the ability to send and receive messages electronically, typically via the internet.

1. The Internet was first developed as a research project funded by the US Department of Defense. (True/False)

2. The DNS translates domain names into numerical IP addresses. (True/False)

3. The DNS is a centralized network with a single point of control. (True/False)

4. IPv4 addresses are written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons. (True/False)

5. IP addresses are responsible for routing data packets to their destination through the internet. (True/False)

6. The Web is only used for online shopping and entertainment. (True / False)

7. Websites can only be accessed through a web browser. (True / False)

8. A webpage is a component of a website. (True / False)

9. A web address is a unique identifier for a specific webpage on the internet. (True/False)

10. All websites use "www" in their URL. (True/False)

11. A web browser allows users to access, retrieve and view the content of the World Wide Web. (True/False)

12. Self-practice can involve utilizing various tools and resources available on the web. (True/False)

13. Navigation for seeking information on the internet is not important for users to access and find the information they need.(True / False)

14. Directories are similar to search engines, but they are not organized in a hierarchical manner, categorizing websites and web pages into different categories.

(True / False)

15. Making a list of favorite websites allows users to quickly access them without having to search or type in the URL every time. (True / False)

16. Making a list of favorite websites allows you to quickly access your favorite websites without having to remember the URL or go through a search engine. (True/False)

17. Tracking the list of viewed web pages is a feature provided by only some web browsers. (True/False)

18. Opening multiple browser windows on a computer allows the user to have multiple web pages open at the same time and switch between them easily. (True/False)

19. The speed of downloading depends on the speed of your internet connection, the size of the file, and the traffic on the internet. (True/False)

20. The primary function of a search engine is to make browsing the web more convenient. (True/False)

21. A web page is a document or information resource on the World Wide Web that typically consists of an HTML or XHTML document, images, and other resources such as JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). (True/False)

22. A website is a single unit of a website. (True/False)

23. The domain name is the main part of the web address that identifies the website. (True/False)

24. A web browser is a software application that allows users to access and retrieve the content of the World Wide Web. (True/False)

25. Self-practice can be applied in various fields such as sports, music, art, writing, and language learning but not in web development, web design, and content creation. (True/False)

26. The default home page can be set by the user in the settings of their web browser. (True)

27. Making a list of favorite websites allows you to quickly access your favorite websites without having to remember the URL or go through a search engine. (True)

28. Tracking the list of viewed web pages is a feature that is only provided by some web browsers. (False)

29. Opening multiple browser windows on a computer is only useful when you need to compare information between different websites. (False)

30.The primary function of a search engine is to help users find information more efficiently and accurately. ( True)

31. E-mail is a fundamental tool for communication in today's digital world. (True/False)

32. To send an e-mail, the user needs to have an e-mail account. (True/False)

33. Reading and replying e-mails are basic functions of an e-mail client. (True/False)

34. Fighting spam involves identifying and separating unwanted messages from the rest of the inbox. (True/False)

35. Softing mail works by using a set of rules and algorithms to evaluate incoming emails and identify those that are likely to be spam. (True/False)

36. Email sorting refers to the arrangement of emails in a specific order based on certain criteria. (True / False)

37. To avoid email viruses, one should always open attachments from unknown senders. (True / False)

38. Illustrations are used in a wide range of fields, including education, advertising, publishing, and art. (True / False)

A. One Word or one Line questions

Q. 1. What is Browser ?

Ans. A Browser is a software which acts as an interface between the user and the Internet

or WWW.

A browser is a software application that allows users to access, navigate, and search the Internet. It is used to display web pages and other online content, and is typically used to access the World Wide Web, but can also be used to access other types of content such as email and file transfer protocols. Examples of popular browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Microsoft Edge.

Q. 2. What are Internet Domains ?

Ans. Internet Domain is the address of a computer, all computers have a domain name.

Internet domains are the names or addresses that identify and locate specific websites or servers on the Internet. These names are organized in a hierarchical structure, with the top-level domain (TLD) being the highest level and the second-level domain being the next level down. Examples of TLDs include .com, .org, .edu, and .gov, while examples of second-level domains include google, facebook, and amazon. Each domain name must be unique and registered with a domain name registrar.

Q. 3. What are Search Engines ?

Ans. Search Engines are the tools for locating web page, they crawl the web and perform

search.

Search engines are online tools or websites that help users search for information on the internet. They use complex algorithms and indexes to search through billions of web pages and return relevant results to the users based on their queries. Examples of search engines include Google, Bing, and Yahoo.

Q. 4. What is meant by Web Index ?

Ans. Web index collects and organises resources which are available via WWW.

A web index, also known as a search index, is a database of information about the content of websites that is used by search engines to quickly and accurately respond to user queries. The index is created by automated software, called a "web crawler" or "spider," that visits and catalogs the pages of websites. The index is then used to match keywords from user queries with relevant pages from the indexed websites, and the search engine returns a list of the most relevant pages in response to the query.

Q. 5. What does HTML stands for ?

Ans. Hyper Text Markup language. This language is used for creating web pages.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.

Q. 6. What is the function of HTML ?

Ans. HTML is Hyper Text Mark up language,

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a markup language used to create the structure and layout of web pages. It is used to define the structure and layout of web pages by using a variety of tags and attributes, such as headings, paragraphs, images, links, and lists. HTML allows for the creation of interactive and multimedia-rich web pages, and is the foundation of all websites. The primary function of HTML is to create the structure of a web page and define the content that will be displayed in the web browser.

Q. 7. What do you mean by Cc and Bcc in E-Mail ?

Ans. Cc means Carbon Copy, Bcc means Blank Carbon Copy.

Cc stands for "carbon copy" and Bcc stands for "blind carbon copy". These are fields in an email message that allow you to specify additional recipients who will receive a copy of the email. Cc recipients are visible to all other recipients of the email, while Bcc recipients are not visible to anyone else. Cc and Bcc are useful for sending a copy of the same message to multiple people without revealing the names of all the recipients to everyone.

Q. 8. What is Navigation ?

Ans. Navigation is the act of moving around in a document using mouse or keyboard.

Navigation refers to the process of finding one's way through a website or other digital content. This can involve using menus, links, search functions, and other tools to move from one page or section to another, and to find specific information or resources. Navigation can also refer to the overall structure and organization of a website or digital content, as well as the design elements that make it easy for users to find what they are looking for.

Q. 9. What do you mean by Network ?

Ans. When more than one computers are attached with one another form a network.

A network is a group of interconnected devices, such as computers, servers, printers, and routers, that are connected together and are able to exchange information and share resources. The purpose of a network is to allow the devices to communicate with each other and share data, software, and hardware resources. There are different types of networks, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the Internet.

Q. 10. What does on-line mean ?

Ans. A computer is on-line when it is connected to a network on internet.

On-line means having a direct connection to a computer or computer network, typically to the Internet, allowing the user to interact with it or access information from it in real-time. It refers to a state of being connected to a system or network and being able to use its resources and services.

Q. 11. What is an Address Book ?

Ans. Address book contains the addresses of the persons to whom from who you

send/receive mails.’ An address book is a collection of contact information, typically including names, addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses, that is used to store and organize contact information for individuals and organizations. Address books can be found in many forms, including physical books, digital software, and online platforms, and can be used for a variety of purposes such as personal use, business communication, and networking.

Q. 12. Which type of file can be sent as attachment ?

Ans. Any files text, graphic, image, video, music etc. can be sent as attachment.

Any type of file can be sent as an attachment, including documents, images, audio and video files, and compressed folders.

Q. 13. What do you mean by Browsing ?

Ans. When you open and view the web pages on the internet referred to as Browsing.

Browsing refers to the act of navigating and searching the internet or a specific website for information. It typically involves using a web browser to access various web pages and view their content, such as text, images, videos, and links. Browsing can also include searching for specific information or keywords using search engines or navigating through the structure and organization of a website.

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Web pages are prepared using HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a standard language used for creating and structuring web pages. It allows developers to add elements like text, images, links, and other multimedia content to a webpage, and define how they should be displayed in a web browser.

2. A browser acts as an interface between the user and the internet.

a browser is a software application that allows users to access and view content on the internet. It serves as a window to the internet and allows users to interact with web pages, websites, and online applications. Browsers can display text, images, videos, and other multimedia content, and also provide features such as bookmarks, history, and search capabilities.

3. . WWW. is a system based on hyper text transfer protocols.

WWW stands for World Wide Web, and it is a system based on hypertext transfer protocols (HTTP) that enables users to access and navigate a wide range of multimedia-based documents and information over the Internet.

4. Exploring web is generally called Net surfing

exploring the web is commonly referred to as "net surfing."

5. A domain name is the Internet address of a computer.

A domain name is the unique name that identifies a website or an internet resource on the internet. It is a human-friendly version of the IP address of a computer or server and is used to access the website or resource by typing the domain name into a web browser's address bar.

6. IP address is a unique numeric identifier.

such as a computer or smartphone. It is used to identify and locate the device on the network, and it is typically composed of four numbers separated by periods, such as 192.168.0.1. The IP address is used by the Internet Protocol (IP) to route data packets to their destination.

Plus Two

Friday 22 January 2021

Chapter 8 -WORKING OF INTERNET

08-WORKING OF INTERNET

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