Chapter: 5 Development of Sikhism under Guru Angad Dev Ji, Guru Amar Das
Ji and Guru Ram Das Ji
1)
Who was the second Sikh Guru?
Guru Angad Dev Ji
2)
Where was Guru Angad Dev Ji born?
At Matte Ki Sarai (Sri Mukatsar
Sahib)
3)
Whan was Guru Angad Dev Ji born?
In 1504 AD
4)
What was the initial name of Guru Angad Dev Ji?
Bhai Lehna
5)
What was the name of Guru Angad Dev Ji’s mother?
Sabhrain Devi
6)
What was the name of Guru Angad Dev Ji’s father?
Feru Mall Ji
7)
When did Guru Angad Dev Ji get Guruship?
In 1539 AD
8)
What was the name of wife of Guru Angad Dev Ji?
Bibi Khivi Ji
9)
Name Guru Angad Dev Ji’s sons?
Dasu and Datu
10)
Name Guru Angad Dev Ji’s daughters?
Bibi Amro and Bibi Anokhi
11)
Which town was the center of Guru Angad Dev Ji’s religious activities?
Khadoor Sahib
12)
Which script was popularised by Guru Angad Dev Ji?
Gurmukhi Script
13)
Who laid the foundation of Goindwal Sahib?
Guru Angad Dev Ji
14)
When was the foundation of Goindwal Sahib laid?
In 1546 AD
15)
On the bank of which river is Goindwal Sahib located?
River Beas
16)
Who was the founder of Udasi Sect?
Baba Sri Chand Ji
17)
What kind of life was emphasised by Udasis?
Sanyasin Life
18)
Name the Mughal king who visited to meet Guru Angad Dev Ji?
Humayun
19)
Where did Guru Angad Dev Ji meet Humayun?
At Khadoor Sahib
20)
Who was the third Sikh Guru?
Guru Amar Das Ji
21)
Where was Guru Amar Das Ji born?
Village Basarke
22)
When was Guru Amar Das Ji born?
In 1479 AD
23)
What was the name of Guru Amar Das Ji’s mother?
Sulakhani Ji
24)
What was the name of Guru Amar Das Ji’s father?
Tej Bhan Ji
25)
To which caste did Guru Amar Das Ji belong?
Bhalla
26)
Name Guru Amar Das Ji’s daughters.
Bibi Dani, Bib Bhani
27)
Name Guru Amar Das Ji’s sons?
Baba Mohan, Baba Mohri
28)
How much was Guru Amar Das Ji’s age at the time of getting Guruship?
73 Years
29)
When did Guru Amar Das Ji get Guruship?
In 1552 AD
30)
What was the period of Guruship of Guru Amar Das Ji?
From 1552 AD to 1574 AD
31)
How many steps are there of Baoli at Goindwal Sahib?
84
32)
Who established Manji System?
Guru Amar Das Ji
33)
How many Manjies were established by Guru Amar Das Ji?
22
34)
What was the motive of Manji System?
Spread of Sikhism
35)
What was the head of a Manji called?
Manjidar
36)
How many hymns were composed by Guru Amar Das Ji?
907
37)
Who composed ‘Anand Sahib’?
Guru Amar Das Ji
38)
Name the Mughal ruler who visited Guru Amar Das Ji?
Akbar
39)
Where did the meeting between Guru Amar Das Ji and Akbar take place?
At Goindwal Sahib
40)
When did Akbar visit Goindwal Sahib?
In 1568 AD
41)
Whom did Guru Amar Das Ji appoint as his successor?
Guru Ram Das Ji
42)
When did Guru Amar Das Ji left for heavenly abode?
In 1574 AD
43)
Who was the fourth Sikh Guru?
Guru Ram Das Ji
44)
What was the period of Guruship of Guru Ram Das Ji?
From 1574 AD to 1581 AD
45)
What was the initial name of Guru Ram Das Ji?
Bhai Jetha Ji
46)
What was the name of Guru Ram Das Ji’s mother?
Daya Kaur
47)
What was the name of Guru Ram Das Ji’s father?
Hari Das Ji
48)
Which Sikh Guru is known as ‘Sodhi Sultan’?
Guru Ram Das Ji
49)
To which caste did Guru Ram Das Ji belong?
Sodhi
50)
What was the name of Guru Ram Das Ji’s wife?
Bibi Bhani Ji
51)
Name Guru Ram Das Ji’s sons?
Pirthi Chand, Mahadev and Arjan Dev
Ji
52)
When did Guru Ram Das Ji attain Guruship?
In 1574 AD
53)
Which city was established by Guru Ram Das Ji?
Ramdas Pura
54)
By which name, Ramdas Pura got famous later?
Sri Amritsar Sahib
55)
When was the foundation of Sri Amritsar Sahib laid?
In 1577 AD
56)
Where did meeting between Guru Ram Das Ji and Akbar take place?
At Lahore
57)
During the Gurship of Which Guru, the discontent between Udasis and Sikhs was
resolved?
Guru Ram Das Ji
58)
Who established Masand system?
Guru Ram Das Ji
59)
Who compose the ‘Lavan’ the secred hymn?
Guru Ram Das Ji
60)
At what occasion, is ‘Lavan’ recited?
At the time of marriage
61)
How many hymns were composed by Guru Ram Das Ji?
679
62)
When did Guru Ram Das Ji left for heavenly abode?
1581 AD
63)
Whom did Guru Ram Das Ji appoint his successor?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji
3 Marks Question Answer.
1)
What was the contribution of Guru Angad Dev Ji to Sikhism?
Ans: Contribution
of Guru Angad Dev Ji to Sikhism:
I. Guru Angad Dev Ji popularized
Gurmukhi script.
II. He collected the Bani, the Secred
hymns composed by Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
III. He extended and developed Langar
system.
IV. He condemned Udasi Sect.
V. He established the town of
Goindwal Sahib.
2)
How did Guru Angad Dev Ji popularized Gurmukhi script?
Ans:
I. Guru Angad Dev Ji standerised
Gurmukhi script.
II. It became easier for the common
people to use Gurmukhi.
III. It helped in fast spread of
literacy among the Sikhs.
IV. The Sikhs’ dependence on Sanskrit
ended.
3)
What was the contribution of Guru Angad Dev Ji in the field of Gurbani?
Ans: Gurbani, the secred text
composed by Guru Nanak Dev Ji was in the possession of different people at
different places. Guru Angad Dev Ji collected all the Gurbani. In this way Guru
Ji protected the Gurbani from distortion. He got composed the Janam Sakhi of
Guru Nanak Dev Ji from Bhai Bala. He himself composed 62 hymns of Gurbani.
4)
Guru Angad Dev Ji kept the Sikhism alive by seperating it from the Udasi Sect.
Comment.
Ans: Udasi sect was established by
Baba Sri Chand Ji. This sect exphasized the Sanyasin way of living. A number of
Sikhs turned to Udasi sect. Guru Angad Dev Ji opposed Udasi sect. He preached
the Sikhs that the principles of Udasi sect were against the ideology of Guru
Nanak Dev Ji. Sikhs realized the words of Guru Sahib. In this way Guru Sahib
kept the spirit of Sikhism alive.
5)
What did Guru Angad Dev Ji do for the physical development of the Sikhs?
Ans: For the physical development of
the Sikhs, Guru Angad Dev Ji established an Akhara, a place for physical
exercise of his followers at Shri Khadoor Sahib. The Sikhs used to go there daily
to perform wrestling and physical exercise. Sikhs’ interest in physical
exercise and wrestling proved beneficial in the establishment of military
power.
6)
Describe the meeting between Guru Angad Dev Ji and Humanyun in your own words.
Ans: In 1540 AD, after getting
defeated from Sher Shah Suri, Humayun visited Guru Angad Dev Ji. Guru Angad Dev
Ji was busy in meditation. He didn’t notice the arrival of Humayun. Humayun
felt insulted and took his sword out. Guru Ji opened his eyes and said to
Humayun, “Where was this sword (which Humayun was going to use against Guru
Sahib) when you were fighting against Sher Shah Suri?” Humayun realized his
mistakes. He apologized Guru Angad Dev Ji and got his blessings for victory.
7)
What were the problems faced by Guru Amar Das Ji in his initial years of
Guruship?
Ans:
I. Dasu and Datu, the sons of Guru
Angad Dev Ji refused to accept him the Guru.
II. Baba Sri Chand Ji also opposed
Guru Amar Das Ji.
III. |The Muslims of Goindwal Sahib
created troubles.
IV. Some orthodox Hindus of Goindwal
Sahib opposed Guru Sahib.
8)
Who were Dasu and Datu? Why did they oppose Guru Amar Das Ji?
Ans: Dasu and Datu were the sons of
Guru Angad Dev Ji. They believed that they should get the Guruship as they are
the heir of Guru Angad Dev Ji. So, they opposed Guru Amar Das Ji and refused to
accept him as Guru. After the passage of time, Dasu at the advice of his mother
Mata Khivi Ji, stopped opposing Guru Amar Das Ji. Datu kept on opposing Guru
Ji.
9)
Why were the Muslims of Goindwal Sahib used to trouble Sikhs?
Ans: Day by day Guru Amar Das Ji was
getting more popular among the people at Goindwal Sahib. It made the native
Muslims of Goindwal Sahib jealous. They started troubling Sikhs. They used to
rob Sikhs’ belongings and caused more troubles to them. The Sikhs complained Guru
Amar Das Ji but Guru Ji preached them to stay calm. One day some armed people
visited the village. They had a clash with the Muslims. A number of Muslims
were killed in the clash.
10)
Why did the higher caste Hindus oppose Guru Amar Das Ji at Goindwal Sahib?
Ans: A number of people of Goindwal
Sahib turned towards Sikhism due to the personality and teachings of Guru Amar
Das Ji. Guru Ji opposed caste system and believed in equality of human beings.
The construction of Baoli also provided a distinct pilgrimage center to the
Sikhs. So, the impact of Brahminism decreased. It was the reason that some higher
caste Hindus opposed Guru Amar Das Ji.
11)
Why did Guru Amar Das Ji construct Baoli at Goindwal Sahib?
Ans:
I. Guru Amar Das Ji wanted to provide
a distinct place of pilgrimage to the Sikhs.
II. He wanted to distinguish Sikhism
from Hinduism.
III. | He wanted to solve to problem
of scarcity of potable water.
12)
What were benefits of construction of Baoli at Goindwal Sahib to Sikhism?
Ans:
I. Sikhs got their own pilgrimage
center.
II. A number of people embraced the
Sikhism.
III. | Sikhism spread fastly among
folks.
13)
Write short note on Manji System?
Ans: Gur Amar Das Ji was 73 year old
at the time of getting Guruship. It was not possible for him to visit far away
places to preach Sikhism. To spread the teachings of Sikhism he established
Manji system. 22 Manji’s were created under this system. The head of a Manji
was called the Manjidar. This post was given to a Sikh with deep understanding
of Sikhism and high moral character. Manjidars could visit everywhere to preach
Sikhism as per their own wish. This system helped in the spread of Sikhism even
in remote areas.
14)
How did Guru Amar Das Ji extended the Langar System? How this system proved beneficial
to the spread of Sikhism?
Ans: Guru Amar Das Ji announced that no person can meet him without having the Langar. He gave the slogan, ‘First Pangat, then Sangat’. Mughal ruler Akbar also had to have Langar before meeting Guru Amar Das Ji. Langar system gave a severe blow to Caste system and Untouchability. It developed the feeling of equality and brotherhood among the masses. It popularized the principles of Sikhism among the people.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1.
Discuss the contribution of Guru Angad Dev ji in the development of Sikhism.
Ans. Guru Angad Dev Ji was the second
Guru of Sikhs. He retained Guruship in 1539 A.D. to 1552 A.D. The contribution
of Guru ji in the development of Sikhism 1s as under:
1. Gurmukhi Script - Guru Angad Dev ji invented the present form of Gurumukhi script, but this
imperfect Punjabi alphabet existed at the time of Guru Nanak Dev ji and he wrote
his hymns in this script. Hence, with the efforts of Guru Angad Dev ji, a new
alphabet was introduced known as Gurmukhi Script by modifying the old Punjabi script
Gurumukhi enabled the Sikhs to read and develop spiritual literature. All hymns
of the Sikh Gurus were expressed in this script. It played the most significant
role in the development of Sikhism.
2. Collection of Hymns: The next great work of Guru Angad Dev ji was to collect the hymns of Guru
Nanak Dev ji from his disciples. He also wrote Shaloks in the name and 'Nanak'
which was later included in Guru Granth Sahib Ji by the fifth Guru Arjan Dev
Ji.
3. Expansion of Langar System: Langar system was introduced by Guru Nanak Dev ji and expanded by Guru
Angad Dev Ji. Guru Ji established common kitchen where all sat together in a
row, regardless of gender, caste or status and ate the same food. It gave a shattering
blow to the caste system.
4. Organisation of Sangat: Furthermost, the Guru Angad Dev ji continued holy congregation or sangat
founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji where
people of different beliefs and varying social status sat together to hear the
Master's hymns and to be inspired to lead a noble life. The sangat was considered
to be a replica of God.
5. Denunciation of the Udasi sect: Udasi sect was founded by Baba Sri Chand ji. This sect laid emphasis on
'Sanyas'. After being inspired from the personality of Baba Sri Chand many
Sikhs began to join the Udasi sect. Guru Angad Dev j1 opposed the Udasi sect
and succeeded in preserving the originality of Sikh religion.
6. Foundation of Goindwal Sahib: A few miles away from Khadur Sahib on the bank of river Beas, Guru Angad
Dev Ji, founded a new town Goindwal Sahib. Soon the town became famous place of
pilgrimage for the Sikhs.
Q2.
Describe the contribution of Guru Amar Das ji in the development of Sikhism.
Ans. Guru Amar Das ji was the third
Guru of the Sikhs. He retained Guruship from 1552 A.D. to 1574 A.D. During the Guruship undertook
many commendable tasks which are as follows:
1. Construction of Baoli at Goindwal Sahib - To construct the Baoli, Guru Ji
wanted to give the Sikhs a separate place of pilgrimage and also wanted to
solve the water problem of the people of that place. Eighty four steps of this
Baoli were constructed. As a result the Sikhs got an independent religious
place for Pilgrimage.
2. Compilation of Hymns: By collecting the Hymns of Guru Nanak Dev ji and Guru Angad Dev Ji, Guru
Amar Das ji prevented the insertion of false and pseudo sabads into the original bani of the Guru. Guru
Amar Das Ji himself composed 907 hymns
and also collected Hymns and bhajans of many
saints of India, A lot of material was collected for Adi Granth Sahib Ji.
3. Expansion of the Langarsystem: The Langar system was initiated by Guru Nanak Dev ji and continued by
Guru Angad Dev ji and greatly expanded by Guru Amar Das ji. Guru Ji declared
that no visitor could meet him without having Langar. This Langar system helped
in shattering blow to the caste system.
4. Manji System: The number of sikhs increased during the Guruship of Guru Amar Das ji.
Due to old age it became difficult for Guru Ji to deliver services to the Sikhs
residing at far off areas. So he established 22 Manjis to convey the message of
Sikhism to them. The head of every Manji was known as Manjidar. This system
contributed remarkable development and progress of Sikhism.
5. Denunciation of the Udasi Sect: During the time of Guru Amar Das ji many Sikhs were impressed by the
asceticism of Baba Sri Chand ji. Guru Amar Das ji made it clear to the Sikhs
that the renunciation principle of Udasis sect was totally against the sermons
of Guru Nanak Dev ji as a result; the Sikhs liberated themselves from the Udasi
sect forever.
6. Social Reforms: Guru Amar Das was a social reformer. He criticised the evil customs like
caste system, untouchability, sati system, child marriage, purdah system. Guru
j1 introduced new rituals for the sikhs on occasions of birth, marriage and
death.
Q3.
Describe the social reforms introduced by Guru Amar Das ji.
Ans 1. Condemnation of Caste System and Untouchability: Guru Amar Das ji condemned the caste system and
untouchability. He made it compulsory for each visitor to sit in a Pangat to
have Langar only then they were allowed to meet Guru Ji. In this way, Langar system
abolished caste system and untouchability to a great extent.
2. Condemn the Sati System: At that time, in the society a woman whose husband had died was burnt alive
on the pyre of her husband. Guru Amar Das Ji criticised this custom that was
prevalent in society for centuries.
3. Condemnation of PardahSystem: Guru Amar Das ji strongly criticised pardah system. He ordered women to
sit m Sangat without purdah.
4. Opposed Child Marriage: Guru Amar Das ji vigorously opposed child marriage. It was a great hindrance in the physical and mental development of girls. Guru Ji raised voice against this evil.
5. Prohibition of Intoxicants: Guru Ji strongly forbade
the use of intoxicants. Guru Ji ordered the sikhs to stay away from these evils
and laid emphasis on reciting the Bani.
6. New rituals for Sikhs: Guru Amar Das Ji introduced now rituals for the Sikhs on the occasions of
birth, marriage and death. Guru Amar Das ji composed bam named Anand Sahib and
ordered Sikhs to recite Gurbani at all other occasions.
Q4.
Write a note on Manji System?
Ans. Guru Amar Das ji was the founder
of Manji System. At that tune the number of Sikhs had increased tremendously
and it become difficult for Guru Ji to personally approach them. And due to the
growing age of Guru Amar Das j1, it was difficult to preach in distant areas.
For the development of Sikhism Guru Amar Das ji established 22 Manjis during
his life time.
Meaning of Manji System and Functions of the Manjidar
The head of Manjis were called Manjidars.
The Manjidar represented the Guru in the area under him. He worked for the
propagation of Sikhism and conveyed the Hukams of Guru ji to the Sikhs. Manjidar
also imparted religious education to the people. He also visited Guru Ji at
least once in a year with the Sangat of his region at Goindwal Sahib. Manjidar
collect money for langar and other works from Sikhs besides the propagation of
religion.
Importance: The Manji system played a commendable role in the development of Sikhism.
This system helped in the propagation
of Sikhism to distant areas. Due to the influence of Manjidar, people joined Sikhism
in large number. No doubt Manji system had far reaching effects. It greatly
enhanced the popularity of Sikhism.
Q5.Describe
briefly the contribution of Guru Ram Das Ji towards the growth of Sikhism.
Ans. Guru Ram Das Ji was the fourth
Guru of Sikhs. He retained the Guruship from 1574 to 1581 A.D. Steps for the
organisation and development of Sikhism taken by him 1s as given ahead:
1. Foundation of Ramdaspura or Amritsar: The most important contribution of
Guru Ram Das ji towards the Sikhs was the foundation of Ramdaspura or Amritsar.
In 177 A.D. he founded Ramdaspura. He settled fifty two other traders, at this
place in order to make it popular and to attract people. The market belongs to
these traders came to be known as 'Guru ka Bazaar’. The foundation of
Ramdaspura or Amritsar occupies very important place in the history of Sikhism.
2. Masand System: Guru Ram Das ji had started digging work of two Sarovars Amritsar and ‘Santokhsarat’
‘Ramdaspura’. To complete this work he needed money. Guru Ji sent his
representatives to different places to collect money and to propagate Sikhism.
This institution known as Masand system and it contributed a major role in the development
of Sikhism.
3. Reconciliation between Sikhs and Udasis: Once Baba Sri Chand), the founder of
Udasi sect visited Amritsar to see Guru Ram Das Ji, Baba Sri Chand Ji was so
much impressed by Guru Ram Das Ji's humility and modesty. After that Baba Sri
Chand gave up opposing Sikhism. This reconciliation with Udasis proved very important
for the development of Sikhism.
4. Friendly Relations with Mughal Emperor Akbar: Guru Ram Das Ji had met Akbar at
Lahore and he was very much impressed by Guru Ram Das ji's personality. Akbar
donated 500 Bighas of land to Guru Ram Das Ji and remitted one year's land
revenue of the farmers of the Punjab.
5. Some other Important Works: Guru Ram Das ji maintained the tradition of composing hymns. Guru Ram Das
Ji composed 679 Shabads. He composed four Lavaan. Guru Ji condemned in strong
words such social evils as caste-system, sati system, child marriage, dermal of
widow re-marriage.
6. Successor: Guru Ram Das ji nominated Arjun Dev ji as his successor in 1581 A.D. by doing this Guru Ram Das ji contributed very important role in the development of Sikhism.
