Chapter: 12 The Origins of Dal Khalsa and Its System of Warfare
1)
In which two sects were the Sikhs divided, after the martyrdom of Banda Singh
Bahadur?
Tat Khalsa and Bandai Khalsa
2)
When did Zakariya Khan make peace with Sikhs?
1733 AD
3)
Who formed Budha Dal and Taruna Dal?
Nawab Kapoor Singh
4)
When were the Buddha Dal and Taruna Dal formed?
1734 AD
5)
How many Jathas (Groups) of Sikhs were formed as per the Gurmata of 14 October
1745 AD?
25
6)
When was Dal Khalsa formed?
29 March 1748 AD
7)
How many Jathas of Sikhs were formed at the time of establishment of Dal
Khalsa?
12
8)
Who was the Commander-in-Chief of Dal Khalsa?
Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
9)
What was the meaning of Sarbat Khalsa?
All the followers of Sikhism
10)
On what occassions was the Sarbat Khalsa convened?
On Diwali and Baisakhi
11)
Where were the Sarbat Khalsa’s assemblies convened?
Sri Amritsar Sahib
12)
What was the most important part of Dal Khalsa's army?
Cavalry
13)
Which army did the Sikhs not like to join?
Infantry
14)
Which system of warfare was used by Dal Khalsa?
Guerilla Warfare
Questions for three points (Marks):
Q1.
What is the meaning of Dal Khalsa?
Ans. Meaning of dal Khalsa was
military organization of sikhs it was established by Nawab Kapoor Singh in 1748
AD. Its establishment spread new life in sikh community and it developed sense
of unity discipline in them.
Q2.
How many JATHAS of Dal Khalsa?
Ans. There was 12 JATHAS of Dal
Khalsa. Every JATHA its own leader and flag/Jassa Singh ahluwalia was chief of
them, who had great (firm) believe on Guru Gobind Singh, were considered as
member of Dal Khalsa?
Q3.
What was the importance of Dal Khalsa?
Ans. Dal Khalsa tried up the power of
Sikhs in unity. Concussively, Sikhs of Punjab become able to established their
independent missal. Sikhs who included in Dal Khalsa where expected to have
skilful in horse riding and sun armor (weapons). The soldier of dal Khalsa was
expert in Guerila mode of warfare.
Q4.
What is the meaning of Sultab —Ul — Kaum?
Ans. Sultan —Ul —Kaum means the personality
who lead the kingdom, whole community and bring unity in empire. Its meaning is
king of whole community. This honour was firstly presented to the sikh leader
Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.
Question of six marks
Q1.
What was the main (reasons) purposes behind the established of Dal Khalsa?
Ans. After the martyrdom of Baba
Banda Singh in 1716 AD, there was lock of leadership in Sikhs, as a result,
Sikhs were not maintained in an organized manner. In that condition, mughal
governor of Punjab Abdus Samad Khan and Jakaria Khan start doing oppression on
them. For the head and hair of Sikhs, there was an announcement of prizes.
Sikhs were forced to change their religion in order to this, they had to face
martyrdom. Children were killed (Murdered) in front of their mothers. The
people who give information about sikhs, who help to arrest them and who
changed their religion were being honored with estates.
Sikhs were being intimidated,
threatened given with greed to change their religion.
So that, Sikhs had made small
batches. In 1734 AD, Budha Dal and Taruna Dal were established by Nawab Kapoor
Singh. This dal was important step towards the establishment of Khalsa, Nawab
Kapoor singh established dal khalsa in 29 March, 1748 AD in Amritsar.
Q2.
Explain the significance of military system in dal khalsa?
Ans. Actually, in eighteenth century,
without the cavalry, it was hard to get victory. Horses of Sikhs were very
efficient. These horses could travel from fifty miles to hundred miles in a
day.
In Dal Khalsa, there was no
importance of infantry. The only work of this army was guarding. Recruitment in
this any was not rewarded by Sikhs. In the any of Dal khalsa, there was lack of
artillery. Sikhs had, swords, spears, arrow bow and guns.
Sikhs were never forced to join Dal
khalsa. Sikhs join this force with their wish.
There was no written records of allowances
and salaries of solders. There was no arrangement for training. No salaries
were given to soldiers of dal khalsa, they only got part from the booty.
Sikh participate in war with guerila
was fare system. With sudden attack on enemy army, they did heavy damage to
them.
Q3.
Write a note on Guerila was system of Dal Khalsa.
Ans. In the war of Gurdas Nangal,
Baba Banda Singh Bahadur and hundreds of Sikhs were arrested. They were
inundered brutally often that. From this Sikhs learnt a lesson that it could be
dangerous for them to fight in open was with mughul army. Sikhs had no other
way apart from it.
The most significant policy of dal
khalsa was guerrilla to rise the power of Sikhs.
Through this policy (system), Sikhs
suddenly attacked on onemy army, they did heavy damage to them. Before enemies
sarvy themselves, they ran into the forest and mountains. Sikhs perform this action
in agility. Sikhs became successful to compete with mughals and afganies due to
this system.
