Chapter: 7 Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji and Transformation of Sikhism
1)
When was Guru Hargobind Ji born?
1595 AD
2)
Where was Guru Hargobind Ji born?
Village Wadali, Sri Amritsar Sahib
3)
What was the name of Guru Hargobind Ji's father?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji
4)
What was the name of Guru Hargobind Ji's mother?
Mata Ganga Devi Ji
5)
Under whose supervision did Guru Hargobind Ji's studies take place?
Baba Buddha Ji
6)
How old was Guru Hargobind Ji at the time of his accession to the Guruship?
11 Year
7)
What was the tenure of Guruship of Guru Hargobind Ji?
1606 AD to 1645 AD
8)
Write the names of Guru Hargobind Ji's children.
Baba Gurditta Ji, Baba Ani Rai Ji,
Baba Suraj Mal Ji, Baba Atal Rai Ji, Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and Bibi Veero ji
9)
Which policy was initiated by Guru Hargobind Ji?
Miri and Piri
10)
Which two swords did Guru Hargobind Ji wear?
Miri and Piri
11)
What did the sword of Miri symbolize?
Worldly (Political) Authority
12)
What did the sword of Piri symbolize?
Spiritual Authority
13)
How many soldiers initially joined Guru Hargobind Ji's army?
500
14)
How many bodyguards did Guru Hargobind Ji recruit?
52
15)
Who was the commander of Pathan Regiment in Guru Sahib's army?
Painda Khan
16)
What is meant by Akaal Takht?
The Seat of God
17)
Who got construct the Akaal Takht Sahib?
Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji
18)
Where was the Akaal Takht Sahib constructed?
In the Front of Golden Temple
19)
What was the height of platform constructed at Akaal Takhat Sahib?
12 feet
20)
When did the construction of Akaal Takht Sahib begin?
1606 AD
21)
When was the construction of Akaal Takht Sahib completed?
1609 AD
22)
What title did the Sangat bestow on Guru Hargobind Ji?
Sacha Padshah
23)
Which fort was built by Guru Hargobind Ji at Sri Amritsar Sahib?
Lohgarh
24)
Who sang Veer Rasi Varan in the court of Guru Hargobind Ji?
Abdulla and Nath Mal
25)
Who imprisoned Guru Hargobind Ji?
Jahangir
26)
In which fort was Guru Hargobind Ji imprisoned?
Gwalior
27)
How long Guru Hargobind Ji was imprisoned in Gwalior Fort?
A quarter past two years
28)
What was the time of Guru Hargobind's imprisonment in Gwalior?
1606 AD to 1608 AD
29)
How many other kings did Guru Hargobind Ji got release with him from Gwalior
fort?
52
30)
By what other name is Guru Hargobind Ji known?
Bandi Chhod Baba
31)
Who was Kaulan?
Daughter of Qazi Rustam Khan
32)
How many battles were fought between the Sikhs and the Mughals during the time
of Guru Hargobind Ji?
4
33)
When was the first battle fought between Guru Hargobind Ji and the Mughals?
1634 AD
34)
Where did the first battle between Guru Hargobind Ji and the Mughals take
place?
Sri Amritsar Sahib
35)
What was the cause of the first battle between Guru Hargobind Ji and the
Mughals?
Royal Hawk
36)
When was the second battle between Sikhs and Mughals fought during the time of
Guru Hargobind Ji?
1634 AD
37)
Where did the second battle between Sikhs and Mughals take place during the
time of Guru Hargobind Ji?
Lehra, Near Bathinda
38)
What was the cause of the second battle fought between the Sikhs and the
Mughals?
2 Horses (Dilbag and Gulbag)
39)
Who rescued Dilbag and Gulbag from the Mughals?
Bhai Bidhi Chand
40)
When was the battle of Kartarpur fought?
1635 AD
41)
When was the Battle of Phagwara fought?
1635 AD
42)
Which city was established by Guru Hargobind Ji?
Kiratpur Sahib
43)
What is the meaning of Kiratpur?
A place to Praise God
44)
Whom did Guru Hargobind Ji appoint as his successor?
Har Rai Ji
45)
When did Guru Hargobind Ji left for heavenly abode?
1645 AD
46)
Where did Guru Hargobind Ji spend his last days?
At Kiratpur Sahib
47)
When was Guru Har Rai Ji born?
1630 AD
48)
What was the name of Guru Har Rai Ji's father?
Baba Gurditta Ji
49)
What was the name of Guru Har Rai Ji’s mother?
Mata Nihal Kaur Ji
50)
What was the name of Guru Har Rai’s grandfather?
Guru Hargobind Ji
51)
Where was Guru Har Rai Ji born?
At Kiratpur Sahib
52)
What kind of nature did Guru Har Rai Ji have?
Very Soft Nature
53)
What was the name of Guru Har Rai's wife?
Bibi Sulakhni Ji
54)
Write the names of the sons of Guru Har Rai Ji.
Ram Rai Ji and Hari Krishan Ji
55)
When did Guru Har Rai Ji get the Guruship?
In 1645 AD
56)
Who established the ‘Bakshishes’?
Guru Har Rai Ji
57)
What was the ‘Bakshish’?
A Center for Preaching Sikhism
58)
How many ‘Bakshishes’ did Guru Har Rai Ji establish?
3
59)
Who was Dara Shikoh?
Son of Shahjahan/ Elder Brother of
Aurangzeb
60)
Why did Dara Shikoh visit Guru Har Rai Ji?
For getting treatment and help
61)
To whom did Guru Har Rai Ji depose from Guruship?
Ram Rai
62)
Why was Ram Rai ousted from the Guruship?
He gave wrong interpretation of
Gurbani
63)
To whom did Guru Har Rai select for the Guruship?
Har Krishan Ji
64)
When did Guru Har Rai Ji left for heavenly abode?
1661 AD
65)
Where did Guru Har Rai Ji spend his last days?
At Kiratpur Sahib
66)
By what other name is Guru Har Krishan Ji known?
Bal Guru or Bala Pritam
67)
When was Guru Har Krishan Ji born?
In 1656 AD
68)
Where was Guru Har Krishan Ji born?
At Kiratpur Sahib
69)
What was the name of Guru Har Krishan Ji's father?
Guru Har Rai Ji
70)
What was the name of Guru Har Krishan Ji's mother?
Sulakhani Ji
71)
What was the name of Guru Har Krishan Ji's elder brother?
Ram Rai Ji
72)
When did Guru Har Krishan Ji get the Guruship?
In 1661 AD
73)
How old was Guru Har Krishan Ji when he got the Guruship?
5 Year
74)
Who invited Guru Har Krishan Ji to Delhi?
Aurangzeb
75)
Who was entrusted with the task of bringing Guru Har Krishan Ji to Delhi?
Raja Jai Singh
76)
What epidemic was spread in Delhi when Guru Har Krishan Ji arrived there?
Cholera and Chicken Pox
77)
What words did Guru Harkrishan utter just before leaving this mortal world?
‘Baba Bakale’
78)
Where did Guru Har Krishan Ji left for heavenly abode?
Delhi
79)
When did Guru Har Krishan Ji left for heavenly abode?
In 1664 AD
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS (short ans. type questions)
Q.1
Describe any three causes of adoption of New Policy by Guru Hargobind Ji.
Ans. 1. Jahangir was a fanatic Sunni Muslim.
He could not tolerate the flourishing of any other religion except Islam.
2. Being a fanatic Sunni Muslim,
Jahangir martyred Guru Arjan Sahib in 1606 A.D. it infuriated the sikhs and
aroused anger in them. So they decided to arm themselves against the Mughals.
3. Before his martyrdom, Guru Arjan
Sahib sent a message to his son, Hargobind Ji," Let him sit fully armed on
his throne and maintain an army to the best of his ability. "
Q.2
Write any three features of the New Policy of Guru Hargobind Ji.
Ans.1.Guru Hargobind Ji sat on
Gurgaddi with great pomp and show. He wore two swords of Miri and Piri.
2. Guru Hargobind Sahib announced
that the Sikhs should offer horses and arms in place of money.
3. He got constructed Akal Takht
sahib near SRI Harmandir Sahib.
Q.3
What do you mean by Miri and Piri?
Ans. At the time of ascending
Gurgaddi Guru Hargobind Ji, he decided to wear two swords of Miri and Piri. The
sword of Miri symbiosis temporal power and sword of Piri symolised the spiritual
power. The wearing of these two swords by Guru Hargobind Ji meant that, hence forward,
he would guide the Sikhs in both worldly and religious matters. Thus, Guru Hargobind
Ji turned the Sikha into saint- soldiers.
Q.4
Write a note on Akal Takht Sahib. Or what is the importance of the building of
Akal Takht Sahib?
Ans. The construction of Akal Takht
Sahib by Guru Hargobind Ji was his stupendous work. Its construction was
started by Guru Hargobind sahib in 1606 A.D. in front of Harmandir Sahib Ji. This
project was completed in 1609 A.D. Here Guru Hargobind Ji used to sit in a
princely attire and guide the Sikhs in political and military affairs. From
here he used to witness wrestling bouts and other martial arts of the Sikhs.
Q.5.Why
is Guru Hargobind Ji is known as Bandi chhor Baba?
Ans. The Mughal emperor Jahangir had
detained Guru Hargobind Ji in the fort of Gwalior. In this fort were confined
52 other kings. These kings were much impressed by Guru Hargobind Ji’s personally.
But when Jahangir decided to release Guru Hargobind Ji, sent a message to
Jahangir that he would not get released from the fort of Gwalior as a long as
52 kings were also not released. Consequently, Jahangir had to order the
release of these 52 kings also. In this way, Guru Hargobind Ji came to known as
Bandi chor Baba (emancipator of captives).
Q.6.write
any THREE causes of battles between Guru Hargobind Ji and the Mughals.
Ans.1.Shah Jahan was a great orthodox.
He got Guru Arjan Dev Ji's baoli at Lahore filled with debris.
2. Shaikh Masoom, the leader of
Naqashbandis, instigated Shah Jahan against Guru Hargobind Ji.
3. The New Policy of Guru Hargobind
Ji became the major factor in widening the gulf between the Sikhs and the
Mughals.
Q.7.Give
a brief account of the battle of Amritsar fought between Guru Hargobind Ji and
the Mughals.
Ans. The first battle between the
Sikhs and the Mughals was fought during Guru Hargobind Ji’s time, at Amritsar
in 1634 A.D. A royal hawk was the immediate cause of this battle. Shah Jahan's hawk
flew away. The Sikhs caught the hawk and refused to give it back to the
Mughals. Consequently, Shah Jahan sent an army of 7000 soldiers under the
command of Mukhlis khan to teach a lesson to the Sikhs. The Sikhs became
victorious in this first battle.
Q.8.write
a short note on the relations between Guru Hargobind Ji and the Mughal
emperors.
Ans. The mughal emperors Jahangir and
Shah Jahan were contemporaries of the Guru Hargobind Ji. Both of them were
religiously intolerant. Wearing of the swords of Miri and Piri and being called
as Sacha Padshah by Guru Hargobind Ji was intolerable for Jahangir. He detained
Guru Ji in the fort of Gwalior. After Jahangir, Shah Jahan became the emperor.
Guru Ji had to fight for battles against him, in which Guru Ji was victorious.
Long simplified question/ Answer Marks-6
Q:-1
What were the, main causes of adoption of new policy (Miri and Piri) by Guru Hargobind
ji?
Ans: - 1.Change in the Religious Policy of
the Mughals: - Before Jahangir,
the relations between the Mughals and the Sikhs were very cordial. The Mughal emperor.
In 1605 Jahangir ascended the throne of the Mughal Empire; he was a fanatic
Sunni Muslim. He could not tolerate the flourishing of any other religion
except Islam. In the change circumstances Guru Hargobind Ji had to adopt a new
policy.
2. Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Sahib: - Being the fanatic Sunni
Muslim, Jahangir Martyred Guru Arjun Sahib in 1606 A.D. The martyrdom of Guru
Sahib infuriated would have to arm themselves against the Mughals. In this way the
Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Sahib was largely responsible for the adoption of new
policy by Guru Hargobind Ji.
3. Last message of guru Arjan sahib: - Before his martyrdom
Guru Arjan Sahib sent a message through his Sikhs to his son Hargobind Sahib
Ji, “Let him sit fully armed on his throne and maintain an army to the best of
his ability.” These words of guru Arjan Sahib kept echoing in the ears of
Hargobind Sahib and he adopted the new policy.
Q:-2
Explain the features of New Policy adopted by guru Hargobind Ji?
Ans:-1.Wearing of Miri and Piri swords:
- At the time of assuming
Guruship, Guru Hargobind Ji decided to wear the swords of Miri and Piri. The
sword of Miri was a symbol of temporal power and the sword of Piri a symbol of religious
leadership. Guru Hargobind Ji enjoined on his Sikhs to recite the name of God
on one hand, and to wear arms for self-defense on the other. In this way, Guru
Hargobind Ji turned the Sikhs into saint soldiers.
2. Organization of army: - For the protection of the Sikh Panth,
guru Hargobind Ji decided to organize the army. By issuing a Hukamnama, he
directed to the Sikhs to join the guru Hargobind ji’s army. Consequently, 500
soldiers joined his army. Guru Hargobind Ji’s army continued to swell gradually
and their number rose to 2500. A separate regiment of the pathans was organized
and Painda khan was made its commander.
3. Collection of arms and horses: - Guru Hargobind Ji issued the
Hukamnama to the Masands that he would be pleased with those Masands, who
brought him offerings of arms and horses instead of money. He also told the
Sikhs that they should offer arms and horses to the Masands.
4. Construction of Akal Takht Sahib: - The construction of Akal Takht Sahib proved
very helpful in the evolution of the new policy. In fact, it was a great task
of Guru Hargobind Ji. The construction of Akal Takht sahib (seat of the Almighty)
was begun by Guru Hargobind Ji in front of Harimandir in 1606 A.D. Guru
Hargobind Ji used to guide the political and military affairs of the Sikhs by
occupying the throne. Here, too, he would accept horses and arms from the
Masand. Besides, here Guru Hargobind ji would settle the mutual disputes of the
Sikhs
5. Adoption of royal symbols: - While following new policy. Guru
Hargobind Ji adopted many paraphernalia of sovereignty. In place of a woolen
rosary he hung two swords from his waist. Like the kings, Guru Hargobind Ji
started wearing a royal aigrette (Kalgi) on his headgear. A sort of umbrella
was also swung over him. He also assumed the title of Sacha Padshah (True
Emperor). He also started wearing costlier costumes. Like the Mughals, he also
started keeping bodyguards.
Q:-3
write a short note on Akal Takht Sahib?
Ans: - The construction of Akal Takht
(The eternal throne) sahib by Guru Hargobind Ji was his stupendous work. Its construction
was started by guru Hargobind ji in 1606. A.D. in front of Harimandir Sahib.
This project was completed in 1609. A.D. It had a 12 feet high plateform which
resembled the Mughal Throne. Here Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji used to sit in
princely attire and guide the Sikhs in political and military affairs. From
here he used to witness wrestling bouts and other martial arts of the Sikhs. At
this placed he recruited soldiers and received arms and horses from the Masands.
The professional bards sang ballads of unrivalled heroism with view to infusing
a new confidence into the Sikhs. At this very place Guru Hargobind Ji also used
to settle the dispute of the Sikhs like a king in court. In fact, Akal Takht
Sahib served the purpose of Supreme Court of the Sikhs. Very soon Akal Takht sahib
becomes a famous hub of the political activities of the Sikhs.
Q:-4
Write a short note on Guru Har Rai Ji?
1.) Development of Sikhism under guru Har Rai Ji: - The pontification of Guru Har Rai Ji sahib lasted from 1645 to 1661 A.D. To carry on his propagation work, he set up three famous centers which were known as ‘Bakhshishes’ or the missionary centers. The first ‘Bakhshish’ was that of an ascetic named Bhagat Gir. He set up many centers for the propagation of the Sikhism in the East India. Of these, patna, Berreilley, and Rajgir are famous ones. Likewise, Suthara shah was sent to Delhi, Bhai pheru to Rajasthan, Bhai Gonda Ji was sent to Kabul, bhai Natha ji to Dacca and Bhai Jodha Ji to Multan. Guru Har Rai sahib Himself travelled to different places of Punjab namely Jalandhar, Kartarpur, Palahi, Hakimpur, Mukandpur, Gurdaspur, Amritsar, Ferozpur, Patiala, Ambala, Karnal, Hissar etc.
2.) Phul blessed: - One day a devotee named
kala with his nephew, Phul came to visit Guru Har Rai sahib. Guru Sahib’s eyes
fell on Phul, who was slapping his belly with his hand. On enquiry, Kala told
Guru Sahib that he was hungry and wanted something to eat. Guru Sahib took
compassion on him and said,
“He
shall become great, famous and wealthy”.
The blessing of Guru Sahib Ji proved
to be true. The generation of Phul laid the foundation of Phulkian Misl.
3.) Help to prince Dara: - During the pontification of Guru Har Rai Ji, Dara Shikoh was the Governor
of Punjab. He was the elder brother of Aurangzeb. In a bid to capture power of Aurangzeb
poisoned Dara’s Food. Consequently, he fell seriously ill. Dara begged Guru Har
Rai Ji to treat him. Guru Har Rai Ji cured Dara with rarest of herbs. As a
result Dara felt deeply obliged to Guru Har Rai Ji. He would often come to pay
a visit to Guru Har Rai Ji.
4.) Guru Har Rai Ji Summoned to Delhi: - Aurangzeb had suspicion that some hymns in the guru Granth Sahib were against
Islam. In order to get it confirmed, he asked guru Har rai ji to appear in his
court. Guru Sahib sent his son, Ram Rai. In order to escape the royal wrath, Ram
Rai Wrongly interpreted it. Consequently, Ram Rai was declared unworthily of
Guruship.
5.) Nomination of the successor: - Realizing that his end was rapprochement. He nominated his younger son
Har Krishan to Guruship on 6" October 1661 A.D. Guru Har Rai Ji immersed
in eternal light at Kiratpur Sahib.
Q:
- 5.Write a short note on a Guru Har Krishan Ji?
Ans: -
1. Assumption of Guruship: - Guru Har Rai Ji had disinherited his elder son
Ram Rai of Guruship. After declaring him ineligible because he had misinterpreted
the Gurbani in Aurangzeb’s court. IN 1661 A.D. Guru Har Rai Ji handed over the
Guruship to Har Krishan Ji. At that time Guru Har Krishna Ji barely five years
old. That is why, Guru Har Krishan Ji is also known as Bal Guru in Sikh
history.
2. Opposition of ram rai: - Ram Rai being the elder son of Guru
Har Rai Ji considered himself to be the rightful claimant to Gurgaddi. But Guru
Har Rai ji had already disinheritate him of the Guruship. When he came to known
that Guruship had been assigned to Har Krishan Ji. He could not tolerate it. He
started hatching conspiracies to acquire Guruship.
3. Guru Sahib’s visit to Delhi: - Aurangzeb assigned the task bringing
Guru Har Krishan Ji to Delhi to Raja Jai Singh. Raja Jai Singh sent his Diwan
Paras Ram to Har krishan Ji. Guru Har krishan Ji Declined to go Delhi to see
Aurangzeb. He went to Delhi in 1664 A.D. and agreed to stay at Raja Jai Singh’s
residence. There is a difference opinion’s among historian’s on the point whether
any meeting took place between Guru Har krishan Ji and Aurangzeb or not.
4. Immersed in eternal life: - In those days cholera and small pox
had broken out in Delhi. Guru Har Krishan Ji served the Sick the poor and the
orphans with heart and soul. But he himself fell a victim to small pox. So He immersed
in eternal light on 30th march 1664 A.D. at Delhi.
