Chapter: 9 Guru Gobind Singh Ji: Establishment of Khalsa, Guru Sahib’s Battles and Personality
1)
Where was Guru Gobind Singh Ji born?
At Patna Sahib
2)
When was Guru Gobind Singh Ji born?
1666 AD
3)
What was the name of Guru Gobind Singh Ji's father?
Guru Teg Bahadur Ji
4)
What was the name of Guru Gobind Singh Ji's mother?
Mata Gujri Ji
5)
At the time of Guru Gobind Singh's birth, which saint prophesied that
"this boy will grow up to be a great man and will lead the people"?
Bhikhan Shah
6)
Where did Guru Gobind Singh Ji spend the first six years of his life?
At Sri Patna Sahib
7)
Who was the patron of Guru Gobind Singh during his childhood?
Kirpal Chand
8)
Where did Guru Gobind Singh Ji get his education from?
Chak Nanki (Sri Anandpur Sahib)
9)
From whom did Guru Gobind Singh Ji learn Gurmukhi?
Bhai Sahib Chand
10)
From whom did Guru Gobind Singh Ji learn Sanskrit?
Pandit Harjas
11)
From whom did Guru Gobind Singh Ji learn Persian and Arabic?
Qazi Pir Muhammad
12)
From whom did Guru Gobind Singh Ji learn horse riding and art of using weapons?
Bazar Singh Rajput
13)
When did Guru Gobind Singh Ji get the Guruship?
1675 AD
14)
How old was Guru Gobind Singh Ji at the time of his accession to the Guruship?
9 Years
15)
Which special Nagaara (drum) was got prepared by Guru Gobind Singh Ji?
Ranjit Nagaara
16)
When was the Ranjit Nagaara played?
At the time of hunting, Langar and
war
17)
Who invited Guru Gobind Singh Ji to Nahan?
King Medini Parkash
18)
Name the fort built by Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Nahan?
Paonta Sahib
19)
What does Paonta mean?
A place to keep feet
20)
How many poets did Guru Gobind Singh Ji patronize at his court?
52
21)
When was the battle of Bhangani fought?
In 1688 AD
22)
Between which two parties the battle of Bhangani took place?
Guru Gobind Singh and Hilly Rulers
23)
Which Muslim saint supported Guru Gobind Singh Ji in the battle of Bhangani?
Peer Buddhu Shah
24)
When did the Battle of Nadaun take place?
1690 AD
25)
Name four forts which were constructed by, Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Anandpur
Sahib?
Anandgarh, Lohgarh Fatehgarh,
Keshgarh
26)
When did Guru Gobind Singh Ji establish the’ Khalsa’?
on Baisakhi Day of 1699 AD
27)
On which date Baisakhi was used to be celebrated before 1752 AD?
30th March
28)
When was the Gregorian calendar introduced in India?
1752 AD
29)
Which calendar was in use in India before the introduction of Gregorian
calendar?
Vikrami Calender
30)
How many days was added to the Vikrami calendar while implementing the
Gregorian calendar?
12 Days
31)
Which famous system came to end with the establishment of the Khalsa Panth?
the Masand System
32)
What is the name of Guru Gobind Singh Ji's autobiography?
Bachiter Natak
33)
Where was the Khalsa Panth established?
At Sri Anandpur Sahib
34)
In which book did Guru Gobind Singh Ji write that the purpose of his life is to
spread religion in the world and to destroy the tyrannts?
Bachiter Natak
35)
While establishing the Khalsa when Guru Gobind Singh Ji demanded the head of a
Sikh, who first of all came forward to sacrify himself?
Bhai Daya Ram Ji
36)
Name five Sikhs who got Amrit from Guru Gobind Singh Ji at the time of
establishment of the Khalsa.
Bhai Daya Ram, Bhai Dharam Das, Bhai
Sahib Chand, Bhai Himmat Rai
37)
When was the first battle of Sri Anandpur Sahib fought?
1701 AD
38)
When was the second battle of Sri Anandpur Sahib fought?
1704 AD
39)
In which year did the battles of Nirmoh and Basoli take place?
1702 AD
40)
In which battle did the 40 Sikhs abandon Guru Gobind Sri Singh Ji after signing
a ‘Bedava’?
The Second Battle of Anandpur Sahib
41)
During which battle Mata Gujri Ji and two youngest Sahibzadas separated from
Guru Gobind Singh Ji?
the Battle of Sirsa
42)
When did the battle of Sirsa take place?
1704 AD
43)
Who handed over the youngest Sahibzadas and Mata Gujri Ji to Wazir Khan?
Gangu
44)
Wazir Khan was the Faujdar of which place?
Sirhind
45)
Where were Mata Gujri Ji and Sahibzadas imprisoned?
Thanda Burj (The Cold Minaret)
46)
What were the names of the youngest Sahibzadas?
Sahibzada Zoravar Singh and Sahibzada
Fateh Singh
47)
Who got martyred the youngest Sahibzadas?
Wazir Khan
48)
How were the youngest Sahibzadas martyred?
They were buried alive in a wall
49)
When were the youngest Sahibzadas martyred?
27 December 1704 AD
50)
What was the name of the Zallads who martyred the youngest Sahibzadas?
Shashal Beg and Bashal Beg
51)
Who bought the land for the cremation of the youngest Sahibzadas?
Todar Mal
52)
What were the names of the eldest Sahibzadas?
Sahibzada Ajit Singh, Sahibzada
Jujhar Singh
53)
In which battle were the eldest Sahibzads martyred?
Battle of Chamkaur Sahib
54)
When was the battle of Chamkaur Sahib fought?
1704 AD
55)
Who were the last two Sikhs to be martyred in the fort of Chamkaur Sahib? Bhai Sangat Singh and Bhai Sant Singh
56)
Which two Muslim brothers named Guru Gobind Singh Ji as 'Uch Da Peer’ at
Machhiwara?
Nabi Khan and Gani Khan
57)
What is Zafarnama?
A Letter
58)
Who wrote the Zafarnama and to whom?
Guru Gobind Singh Ji wrote Zafarname
to Aurangzeb
59)
In which language was the Zafarnama written?
Persian
60)
Guru Gobind Singh Ji wrote the Zafarnama at which place?
Dina Kangar
61)
Which Sikh took the Zafarnama to Aurangzeb?
Bhai Daya Singh
62)
When did the battle of Khidrana take place?
1705 AD
63)
By what name is Khidrana known presently?
Sri Mukatsar Sahib
64)
Who requested Guru Sahib to refute the Bedava, the Letter of Abandonment?
Bhai Maha Singh
65)
Why was Khidrana named as Sri Muktsar Sahib?
Because Guru Gobind Singh Ji freed
Sikhs from their letter of abandonment at this place
66)
By what name were the 40 Sikhs who sacrified their life at battle of Khidrana,
known after martyrdom?
40 Muktas
67)
Where did Guru Gobind Singh Ji reside after the Battle of Khidrana?
Talwandi Sabo
68)
By what name is Talwandi Sabo known nowadays?
Damdama Sahib
69)
How long did Guru Sahib stay at Damdama Sahib?
9 Months approx.
70)
Why is Talwandi Sabo called Guru Ki Kashi?
Due to religious and literary
activities of Guru Gobind Singh Ji
71)
Where did Guru Gobind Singh Ji meet Banda Bahadur?
At Nander
72)
Who sent Pathans to Nanded to kill Guru Gobind Singh Ji?
Wazir Khan
73)
When did Guru Gobind Singh Ji left for heavenly abode?
1708 AD
74)
Before leaving for heavenly abode, whom did Guru Gobind Singh Ji gave the
status of Guru?
Adi Granth Sahib
75)
Write the names of some great works of Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
Jap Sahib, Bachitter Natak, Zafarnama,
Chandi Di Var etc.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (6 MARKS)
Q1.
What do you know about early life of Guru Gobind Singh Ji?
Answer: 1. Birth and parentage — Guru Gobind Singh was born on 22 December 1666 at Patna
Sahib. He was the only son of Guru Tegh Bahadur. His mother's name was Gujri
Ji. His Childhood name was Gobind Rai. At the time of Gobind Rai's birth, Peer
Bhikhan Shah, a Muslim fakir, had said that this boy would grow up to be a
great man.
2. Childhood- Gobind Das spent the first six years of his childhood in Patna Sahib.
From childhood, Gobind Das had all the qualities to be a great leader. Guru
Sahib used to play with bows and arrows. He would divide his friends into two
groups and wage a fake war between them. He himself used to take part in them.
3. Education_ In the early 1672AD Guru Tegh Bahadur came with his family to Chakk Nanaki
(Sri Anandpur Sahib). Guru Sahib learned Gurmukhi from Bhai Sahib Chand,
Sanskrit from Pandit Harjas and Persian and Arabic from Qazi Peer Mohammad. He
learned horse riding and weapons training from a Rajput named Bajjar Singh.
4. Assumption of Guruship- A group of Kashmiri Pandits reached
Anandpur Sahib in May 1675 to Guru Tegh Bahadur. Guru Sahib told the Pandits
that a great man needed to be sacrificed to escape the oppression of the
Mughals. The boy Gobind Ji said to his father that who could be a greater
person than you at this time to make a sacrifice. Before his martyrdom, Guru
Sahib appointed of Gobind Rai as his successor. Gobind Rai was enthroned on 11 November
1675.
5. Early Difficulties- When Guru Gobind Singh Ji ascended the
throne in 1675 AD, he faced many difficulties. He was only 9 years old. The
second was the reign of the then staunch sunni Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb as he
was not ready to tolerate the existence of any religion other than Islam. He
even martyred Guru Tegh Bahadur ji. Third, even the hill rulers were against
the Guru at that time. Fourth Guru Gobind Singh Ji close relatives Dhirmaliya,
Ramrai and Meena also became Guru's opponents as they did not get the Guruship.
Fifth, the masands at that time had become immoral and corrupt.
6. Marriage- It is said that Guru Gobind Singh Ji married to three women named Bibi Ji
to Ji, Bibi Sundari Ji and Bibi Sahib Deva. Four sons were born in the house of
Guru Sahib. Named as Sahibzada Ajit Singh Ji, Sahibzada Jujhar Singh Ji,
Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji and Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji.
Q2
Explain the cause of creation of Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh Ji?
1. The oppressive rule of the Mughals - The cruelty of the Mughals was
increasing day by day. Jahangir had martyred Guru Arjun Dev Ji in 1606 AD. He
imprisoned Guru Hargobind ji in the fort of Gwalior. Guru Hargobind ji had to
fight battles with the Mughals. Aurangzeb lit many famous Hindu temples across
the country and built mosques in their place. He also reintroduced jizya tax
and ordered the demolition of Sikh shrines. He killed a large number of non-Muslims
who did not convert to Islam. At most, he had Guru Tegh Bahadur martyred on November
11, 1675 AD. To put an end to the growing cruelty of the Mughals, Guru Gobind Singh
Ji founded the Khalsa Panth.
2. The Betrayal of the hill chiefs - Due to their selfish interests, hill chiefs joined with Guru Gobind Singh
ji but later they betrayed Guru Sahib and they rejoined the Mughals. Guru Sahib
felt that the hill chiefs could not be trusted. Therefore, he decided to
prepare his soldiers who could fight the Mughals and thus founded the Khalsa
Panth.
3. Chains of the caste system - Society was divided into many caste and sub-caste. People were discriminated
on the basis of their caste. All the Gurus before Guru Gobind Singh Ji had
tried to eradicate the caste system through the organization of Sangat and
Pangat but it was not completely eradicated yet. Guru Gobind Singh Ji formed
the khalsa panth in order to establish a society which was free from caste
bonds.
4. The Defective masand system - Guru Ram Das ji introduced the masand system for the development of the
Sikh Panth. In time, Masands became very corrupt and arrogant that they started
disobeying Guru Sahib's orders. Many masands had established their own
gurgaddis. Guru Gobind Singh Ji thought of organizing the Sikhs in a new form
to get rid of these masands.
5. Hereditary Nature of the Guruship - Guru Amar Das had made Guruship hereditary. Anyone who did not get the
Guruship formed his own sect. Prithi Chand, Dheer Mal and Ram Rai not only
created obstacles for the Sikh Gurus to get the Guruship but also conspired
with the Mughals against them.
6. The nature of the Jats - From the time of Guru Hargobind, a large number of Jats began to convert
to Sikhism. They were fearless and brave. Guru Gobind Singh Ji wanted the
support of such warriors which led him to create the Khalsa Panth.
7. The Mission of Guru Gobind Singh Ji - Guru Gobind Singh Ji has written in
Bachittar Natak that the purpose of his life is to propagate religion in the
world and to destroy the oppressors. It was vital to carry the sword to end
oppression and thus Guru Sahib created the Khalsa Panth.
Q3
Describe the creation of khalsa by guru gobind singh ji. Also discuss its
importance?
Answer- Guru Gobind Singh Ji
decorated a heavy diwan at Kesgarh in Sri Anandpur Sahib on the day of Baisakhi
on 30 March 1699 AD. Guru Ji came on stage. He drew his sword and addressed the
assembled Sikhs, “Is there any Sikh among you who would sacrifice his head for religion?”
When Guru Ji uttered his words 3 times, Bhai Daya Ram Ji appeared for his
sacrifice.
The Guru took him to a nearby tent.
After some time, the Guru returned to the stage with a bloody sword. The Guru
demanded the sacrifice of another Sikh. Now Bhai Dharam Das Ji appeared. This
task was repeated three times. Asking for Guru's permission, Bhai Mohkam Chand
Ji, Bhai Sahib Chand Ji and Bhai Himmat Rai Ji appeared for their sacrifices.
Guru Ji took them to the tent one by one and brought a sword full of blood. The
Guru himself was to know what the Guru had done to them in the tent. Guru Sahib
first gave Pahul of Khanda to panj pyare and later he himself took Pahul from
them. That is why Guru Gobind Singh Ji called himself Gur Chela.
I. Principles of the Khalsa Panth - Guru Gobind Singh Ji made some special rules for the Khalsa. The
following are some important rules
1. For entering the Khalsa Panth,
everyone has to drink Amrit.
2 Every Khalsa will use ‘Singh’ with
his name and a Khalsa woman will use 'Kaur' with her name.
3. Every Khalsa will not worship any
deity other than one God.
4. Each Khalsa will wear a Panj
Kakkar i.e. kesh, kangha, kada, kachhra and a kirpan.
5. Every Khalsa will do his best to
protect the country and religion.
6. Every Khalsa will get up at Amrit
and take a bath and recite Gurbani.
7. Every Khalsa will earn his living
by labor and donate one tenth of his income for religious works.
8. Every Khalsa meeting each other
will say Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa; Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh.
9. The Khalsa will not use drugs.
10. Khalsa will not believe in Caste
system.
II. The importance of the creation of the Khalsa - The creation of the Khalsa Panth is considered
one of the important event in Sikh history.
1 Fulfilling the mission of Guru Nanak Dev Ji - Guru Nanak Dev Ji laid the foundation of the Sikh Panth. From Guru Angad
Dev Ji to Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji all the Gurus contributed for the organization
and development of the Sikh Panth. Guru Gobind Singh Ji completed the work started
by Guru Nanak dev ji by creating khalsa panth.
2 Increase in the number of Sikhs - Guru Sahib not only made thousands of
Sikhs Khalsa by baptizing them but also gave the right to baptize to any five
Sikhs of the Panth. Due to this a large number of people joined khalsa panth.
3 Creation of an ideal society- The establishment of the Khalsa Panth
gave birth to a society in which there was no place for superstitions,
discrimination and drugs .Thus Guru Gobind Singh Ji gave a new look to the
Khalsa society.
4 End of Masand system and anti-Panth sects - After the time of Guru Hargobind, there was disruption in the masand system.
Masands had now become very selfish and corrupt. To end this defective masand
system, Guru Gobind Singh ji formed the khalsa panth.
5 New spirit among the Sikhs - The establishment of the Khalsa Panth
created devotion among the Sikhs. Instead of bowing to the oppression, they now
took up arms. Despite their limited resources, they bravely fought the Mughal
Empire for many years. .
6 Upliftment of oppressed people -The establishment of the
Khalsa Panth resulted in the upliftment of the lower caste. Earlier there was a
lot of hatred towards them .Guru Gobind Singh Ji included the people of lower
caste in the Khalsa Panth and gave them equal status with the upper caste.
7. An independent nation- Guru Gobind Singh Ji created the Khalsa
Panth and established an independent nation. Five kakaars i.e. Kesh, kangha,
kada, kachhra, kirpan were necessary for each Khalsa
8. Democracy in the Khalsa Panth_ With
the establishment of the Khalsa Panth, the spirit of democracy developed among
the Sikhs. Panj Pyare were baptized by Guru Sahib at the time of the
establishment of the Khalsa Panth in 1699 AD. Thereafter, Guru Sahib himself
requested the baptism of these panj pyara. Guru Sahib also announced that
anywhere the five Khalsas could gather and baptize other Sikhs and also their
hukam will be considered as the Guru's intention.
9. Rise of Sikh political power - By founding the Khalsa Panth, Guru Gobind Singh Ji implanted a unique
sense of bravery in the sikhs. It is difficult to find another example of the
courage with which the Sikhs fought the Mughals and the Afghans and gave
countless martyrs for their religion. Eventually the dream of the Sikhs came
true and they succeeded in establishing an independent Sikh empire
Q4
Give a brief account of the pre -khalsa and post- khalsa battles of Guru Gobind
Singh Ji.
Answer - Guru Gobind Singh Ji ruled from 1675 to 1708 AD. During this time Guru Ji had to fight many battles with the hill chiefs and the Mughals. These battles are divided into two parts the pre-Khalsa period battles and the post-Khalsa period battles. The battles of the pre-Khalsa period are-
1. Battle of Bhangani 1688 AD - Seeing Guru ji’s military preparations, the hill chiefs Bhim Chand and
Fateh Shah attacked the Sikh army at Bhangani on 22 September 1688. In this
battle, Pir Budhu Shah of Sadhaura offered invaluable service to the Guru. At
last, Guru Ji won the battle.
2. Battle of Nadaun 1690 AD: After the battle of Bhangani, the hill chiefs befriended Guru Gobind
Singh Ji. They stopped paying taxes to the Mughals. Due to this an army under
Alif Khan attacked Bhim Chand's army at Nadaun on 20 March 1690 AD. In this battle
Guru Gobind Singh Ji supported Bhim Chand. Their combined force defeated the
Mughal forces.
Battles
of Post- Khalsa period
3. First battle of Sri Anandpur Sahib 1701 AD - After the creation of the Khalsa Panth,
increased power of Guru Gobind singh Ji scared hill chiefs. As a result, Bhim
Chand and his associates attacked the fort of Sri Anandpur Sahib in 1701 AD.
Due to lack of success, hill chiefs made a treaty with Guru Ji.
4. Second battle of Sri Anandpur Sahib 1704 AD - The hill chiefs joined with the Mughal forces attacked the fort of Sri
Anandpur Sahib for the second time. As enemy surrounded fort from all sides,
the Sikhs from inside the fort failed enemy’s attack. On the request of Mata
Gujri ji and other Sikhs, Guru Ji decided to leave the fort.
5. Battle of Chamkaur Sahib 1704 AD - Guru Gobind Singh Ji reached the fort
of Chamkaur Sahib with his forty Sikhs. Here on December 22, 1704 AD they were
surrounded by thousands of Mughal soldiers. In this terrible battle, Guru
Gobind Singh's Elder Sahibzadas Ajit Singh and Jujhar Singh, set an example of
their bravery and were martyred. Guru Gobind Singh Ji managed to escape.
6. Battle of Khidrana 1705 AD - On 29 December 1705, the Mughal
faujdar Wazir Khan of Sirhind attacked Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s army at Khidrana
with a large force. In this battle, the Sikhs defeated the Mughal forces and
the 40 Sikhs who had left the Guru's side in the second battle of Sri Anandpur
Sahib were martyred. They are called 40 Muktas, in their memory khidrana was
renamed Sri Muktsar Sahib.
Q.5
Make an evaluation of the personality of Guru Gobind Singh ji.
Answer- Guru Gobind Singh ji was a
rare combination of multiple qualities.
I. As a human being
1. Physical appearance: Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s personality
was very impressive and attractive. There was an extreme degree of sweetness in
his Bani. He was always armed. He usually had a white hawk in his right hand
and rode a beautiful horse.
2. Householder: He was a very obedient son, a
thoughtful father and an ideal husband. He obeyed his mother's wish and
evacuated the fort of Sri Anandpur Sahib against his will. Guru Sahib taught
the lesson of courage to his sons.
3. Fearless and Brave: Guru Gobind Singh Ji was fearless and
brave. Although Guru Sahib had to face many hardships but he never compromised
with oppression. The Zafarnama written by Guru Sahib to Emperor Aurangzeb is a
clear proof of his fearlessness.
4. High Character: Guru Gobind Singh Ji had a very high
character. Whether it was war or peace, he never gave up on the truth.
5. Embodiment of Sacrifices: Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s life was a
unique example of sacrifices. At the age of 9 he persuaded his father Guru Tegh
Bahadur to sacrifice. Fighting against injustice, Guru Sahib sacrificed his
four sons, his mother and the Sikhs.
6. Great Humanist- Guru Gobind Singh Ji was a great humanist.
He showed mercy to his enemies by instructing Bhai Ghaniya ji to give water to
the wounded in the battlefield without any discrimination and to bandage their
wounds.
II. AS a Scholar: Guru Gobind Singh ji was a great
scholar. Guru Sahib has used Arabic, Persian, Punjabi, Hindi, Sanskrit and
other languages in his works. Jaap Sahib, Bachittar Natak, Zafarnama, Chandi Di
War, Akal Ustat are his supreme works. Guru Sahib was so fond of literature
that he had given patronage to 52 poets in his court.
III. As a Warrior and General-Guru Gobind Singh ji
was one of the greatest warriors. He was very good at horse riding, archery and
wielding weapons. He led his troops in every battle. He always sticked to moral
principles in battle.
IV.As a Religious Leader-Guru Gobind Singh Ji
was a great religious leader. Guru Sahib had instructed every Khalsa to get up
in the morning and take a bath and recite Gurbani. They should live a very
simple and holy life. Guru Sahib never forgot his religious duties even during times
of war.
V.As a Social Reformer- Guru Gobind Singh ji brought about a
revolution in society by breaking the caste chains through the formation of
khalsa panth. Women were also baptized and made equal to men. Guru Sahib told
his followers to stay away from drugs. Thus, Guru Sahib formed an ideal
society.
VI. As an Organizer - Guru Gobind Singh ji was a high-ranking
organizer. Guru Gobind Singh Ji proved his organizational power by founding the
Khalsa Panth. This was a great achievement as it gave new life into the people.
