Chapter 6th (Digitization)
CHAPTER NO.6 DIGITIZATION
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO DIGITIZATION
Digitization is the process of converting information into a digital (i.e. computer-readable)format, in which the information is organized into bits. In modem practice, images, documents,audio, video, etc. are being converted into digital format and digitally stored with the help of computer hardware.By doing this, information can be stored safely for a long time, as well as it become easy to access and work on digitized data.
Nowadays, approximately every government record is
digitized, due to which services are being provided easily and in a fast way to
the citizen. For example, Land record (Farad),Aadhar, various subjects e-books
available on website of Punjab School Education Board,etc.
6.2 E-COMMERCE
E-Commerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, referred as buying and selling of goods or services, use of services, monetary transactions, etc. using the internet. With the facility of E-Commerce, business gets new direction and growth. Examples of e-commerce websites are: Amazon, Flipkart, eBay, OLX, Quikr, etc,
6.2.1 Types of E-Commerce
E-Commerce can be classified into four main
categories, on the basis of the parties that are involved in the transactions.
(i) Business to Business (B2B) : Here the companies
are doing business with each other, The final customer is not involved, only
manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers etc. are
involved.
(ii) Business to Customer (B2C) : Here companies and
customers are involved. Companies sell their goods and services directly to the
customers. The customer can browse company websites and choose the product or
service and pay online directly to the company. The
company ships the goods directly to the customers on
their address. Examples are Amazon,Flipkart, eBay etc.
(iii) Customer to Customer (C2C) : Here customers
and seller are in a direct contact with each other, no company is involved. It
helps people sell their personal goods and assets directly to each other.
Usually, people sell their used or additional goods to the interested buyer.
Example; OLX, Quikr.
(iv) Customer to Business (C2B) : This is the
reverse of Business to Customer. Here customer provides a good or some service
to the company. Say for example, an IT freelancer who demos and sells his
software to a company.
6.2.2 Advantages of E-Commerce
(i) Overcome Geographical Limitations : E-commerce
removes the barrier of geographical distance i.e. distant areas. It provides
the sellers with a global reach.
(ii) Lower Costs : E-commerce substantially lower
the transaction cost, because buyer purchase the product directly from the
manufacturer, which eliminates many fixed costs and
taxes. Moreover, to buy goods buyer need not to go
anywhere which cuts the transportation cost as well.
(iii) Quick and Easy Delivery : It provides quick
delivery of goods to the customer on the given address. Customer complaints are
also addressed quickly. It also saves time, energy and
effort for both the customers and the company.
{iv) Available 24x7 hours : One other great
advantage is the convenience of shopping it offers. A customer can shop
anytime, any day. There are no closing days or hours.
{v) Easy shopping : While we are shopping in the
market, sometimes shopping becomes difficult due to heavy crowd whereas on
internet, no such thing happens. We may opt for our
required product from the wide range of products
over there.
{vi) Easy accessibility : In e-commerce, customer
can browse product category pages and use the site search feature to find the
product immediately, compare with other similar products and select the best of
them.
6.2.3 Disadvantages of E-Commerce
(i) Wait time : If a customer sees an item that he
or she likes in a store, the customer pays for it and then goes home with it,
With e-commerce, there is a wait time for the product to be
shipped to the customer's address,
(ii) Unsure about the quality : When customer buys
an item from store, customer can check the quality of the item before shopping.
One of the biggest problems with buying things
online is that you will have no guarantee of a
products’ quality. Customer only comes to know about the quality of the item
after receiving it.
(iii) Security issues : E-commerce sites record all
the important details about the customers which are to be kept secured. If an
unauthorized person or group gains access to such important
details of customer, then customer has to bear heavy
financial or personal damage. Customer's money can be withdrawn without
customer's knowledge and further customer's identity can be
misused.
{iv) Not able to try before buy : While buying
online an item, customer will not have much ability to inspect physically. For
example, if customer goes to a shop to buy
cloths,
Duarrizarion 86 customer can try or wear the cloths
to check if fits properly and suits. But in online shopping,it is not possible,
6.3 DIGITAL OR ONLINE PAYMENT
Digital payment, also called Online Payment or
e-payment or electronic payment. It is a cashless, easy and fast way of payment,
which is made through digital modes. In digital
payments, payer and payee both use digital modes to
send and receive money. In today's time,online payment method is popular. Money
transfer, shopping, mobile or dish recharge, water or electricity or phone
bills can easily be paid via digital payment mode.
6.3.1 Online Payment Methods
i Credit Cards
ii. Debit Cards
iii. E-Wallets
iv. Net Banking/ Banking Apps
v. Mobile Banking
vi. BHIM App
(i) Credit Card :
It is a form of an e-
payment system in which banks or financial institutions issued their customer "a small plastic card” with a unique number and a coded magnetic strip embedded on it which is used to read credit card via card readers.
When a customer purchases a product via credit card, credit card issuer bank pays on behalf of the customer and customer has a certain time period in which he/she can pay the credit card bill. When customers do shopping using credit card then customer has to swipe
his/her credit card on swipe machine (card reader machine)
and has to enter a 4 digit secret pin number. Payment stands successful if the
secret pin is entered correctly. Customer has to keep
secure his/her 4 digit pin number to avoid misuse of
his/her credit card.
(ii) Debit Card ; Debit card, like
credit card,is a small plastic card with a unique number mapped
with the bank account number and a coded magnetic
strip embedded in it which is used to read credit
card via card readers.It is required to have a bank
account before getting a debit card from the bank.The major difference between
a debit card and a
ctedit card is that in case of payment through debit
card, the amount gets deducted from the card's bank account immediately and
there should be
sufficient balance in the bank account for the
transaction to get completed.
(iii) E-Wallets :
In this method of payment, digital payment apps are used. These apps store the
credit card/debit card or linked bank account information of the customer for
easy payment. E-wallet is the digital version of your physical wallet with more
functionality. You can keep your money in an E-wallet and use it when needed.
User name and password is used
to use E-wallet, Examples of E-wallets are: PayTm
etc.
(iv) NetBanking / Banking Apps : NetBanking also
called as Internet Banking. This facility is like a revolution, in the era of
the traditional banking system, which does not require customers to visit the
bank branch to perform a simple bank transaction.Put simply; NetBanking is an
electronic payment system, that allows the bank account holder to execute the
different types of transaction, such as bank account statement, fund transfer,
bill payments, fund transfer to saving schemes, etc. anytime and anywhere using
the bank's website, To avail this facility, customer has to visit bank branch
once and applyfor Net
Banking by filing an application, concerned bank
than issues a unique user name and password to its customer to use NetBanking.
This user name and password is very sensitive and important and must be kept
safe by the concerned customer and must be used in a safe and secure manner. If
any unauthorized person gain access to the NetBanking user name and password,
than money from particular account can be stolen.
Therefore banks also advice customers to use NetBanking safely.
{v) Mobile Banking :
Mobile banking can be described as the facility provided by the banks to its
clients, in which they can access their bank accounts and undertake monetary
transactions remotely such as mini statement, balance etc. using mobiles by
sending specific format SMS (Short Messaging Service). For this, bank issues
specific phone numbers on which customers need to send SMS in prescribed format
to get required information or to perform other transactions. For this bank charge
some amount from the customer.
(vi) BHIM App (Bharat Interface for
Money) : BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) is a mobile
application designed by NPCI (National Payment Corporation of India) and based
on UPI (Unified Payment Interface). It is a simple, easy and fast way of
payment, for which UPI ID or QR (Quick Response) Code of concemed person is
used for payment. One can transfer funds, do bill payments, buy tickets,
recharge mobile or dish etc, with the help of this app.
6.3.2 Benefits of Online Payment
(i) Easy and convenient : Digital payments are easy
and convenient. You do not need to carry cash always.
(ii Pay or send money from anywhere, anytime : With
various digital payment modes,you can send or receive money from anywhere,
anytime.
(iii) Cash Back Benefits/Discounts : Government has
announced many discounts to encourage digital payments.
6.4 E-LEARNING
E-learning is also called as Electronic
Learning/Online Learning/Online Education and it means to get education through
the internet. It's an easy and convenient way to get education,
in which one can opt for desirable course from the
wide list of courses and subjects available online and one can study from home.
This technique is very useful for job oriented people and
residents of remote area locations where no nearby
educational institute is present. This technique has removed the geographical
limitations. Learner even can get admission in foreign
school, college or university through online mode
and study at home and give online exam also and if successfully completed the
course, can download the course completion certificate
online or can also demand hard copy on his/her
address, Concerned institute send all the required study stuff to the leamer
through internet in the form of e-books, video or audio lectures, presentations
etc. Leamer can download the required study stuff on his computer to study.
Some of the popular tools for
E-Learning:
1. MOOCs
2. SWAYAM
3.SWAYAM PRABHA
4. PSEB E-Books
(1) MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses)
: MOOCs
(Massive Open Online Courses)
are fast gaining popularity among students and
working professionals as they help them study at their convenience and time.
Here wide list of courses if offered and learner can opt for interested course,
can use study stuff provided there. These courses are available at:
Www.mooc.org, WWw.edx.org
(2) SWAYAM (Study Webs of
Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) : The program of
Human Resource Development Ministry spells out as Study Webs of Active-Learning
for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM). Like MOOCs, it also offers wide range of
courses. The SWAYAM program offers digital classrooms with the help of internet
and satellite connectivity to the remotest comers in the country. Swayam provides
online study material to
students free of cost. This covers courses from
class 9th to post-graduation. To use it, a SWAYAM Application can be downloaded
or from https://swayam.gov.in
(3) SWAYAM PRABHA ; The SWAYAM
PRABHA is a group of 32 DTH channels
devoted to telecasting of high-quality educational
programmes on 24X7 basis using the GSAT-15 satellite. Every day, there will be
new content for at least
(4) hours which would be repeated
5 more times in a day, allowing the students to
choose the time of their convenience. The contents are provided by NPTEL, IITs,
UGC, CEC, IGNOU, NCERT and NIOS. The INFLIBNET Centre maintains the web portal
www.swayamprabha.gov.in. This program
covers; Higher and Secondary Education, preparation
of various competitive exams.
6.5 NATIONAL ACADEMIC DEPOSITORY (NAD)
The vision of National Academic Depository (NAD) is
bom out of an initiative to provide an online store house of all academic awards/certificates. National Academic
Depository (NAD) is a 24X7 online facility, Using NAD one can store his/her
documents/awards/certificates
digitally and one can download the same. NAD not
only ensures easy access to and retrieval of an academic award but also
validates and guarantees its authenticity and safe storage.
6.6 DIGILOCKER
DigiLocker is targeted at the idea of paperless
governance; DigiLocker is a platform for issuance and verification of documents
& certificates in a digital way, thus eliminating the use of physical
documents. Indian citizens, who sign up for a DigiLocker account, get a
dedicated cloud storage space that is linked to their Aadhaar (UIDAI)
number. Organizations that are registered with Digital Locker can push
electronic copies of documents and certificates (e.g. driving license, Voter ID, different certificates) directly into citizens’ lockers. It provides 1GB storage space to a
person who registers on it.
6.6.1 How to use DigiLocker
1. Go to https://digilocker.gov.in website or
download DigiLocker app on your smattphone. Using your Aadhaar number and
mobile number you can create a user ID using an OTP.
2. If some organization has uploaded any of your
e-documents, you can see it in the account, You can also upload your own
documents and e-sign them.
3. You also get the facility of sharing documents
with others by sharing a link to the e-document.
Note : Donot forget to logout from your Digilocker account
after using it.
aiin’s to Rementier
1. Digitization is the process of converting
information into computer readable and storable form.
2. E-Commerce means to buy or sell things, use
services, monetary transactions using intemet.
3. Digital Payment is a cashless, easy and fast
online mode of payment.
4. NetBanking is the online facility provided by
banks to its customer by which customer can perform monetary transactions, get
account statement, pay bills etc.
5. E-learning is the simple and convenient way to
get education through intemet from home.
6. National Academic Depository is the online
initiative where one can upload and store securely, important documents.
7. DigiLocker is a platform for issuance and
verification of documents & certificates in a digital way.
Part-A (Questions carrying 1 Mark each)
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
1 is the process to convert information
into computer readable form.
a) E-leaming
b) E-commerce
c) Digitization
d) Net Banking
2. is meant to be online buying and selling
of goods.
a) E-commerce
b) Digi Locker
c) Digital Payment
d) None of these
3. Easiest and convenient way for cashless
payment is .
a) Digitization
b) Storage
c) Offline
d) Digital Payment
4. stores only those educational
certificates, issued by educational institutesthrough digital mode.
a) SWAYAM
b) NAD
c) MOOCs
d) DigiLocker
5. _____ isa type of e-commerce which
involves company and customer.
a) B2B
b) B2C
c) 5=6<C2c
d) None of these
Part-B (Questions carrying 3 marks)
2. Short Answer Type Questions. (Write
the answers in 4-5 lines)
1. What is digitization?
2. Describe NetBanking.
3. What you mean by e-commerce?
4. Name types of e-commerce.
5. Write down the benefits of online payment.
6. Describe Digi Locker.
7 What is e-learning?
8. What is digital or online payment?
Part-C (Questions carrying 5 marks)
3. Long Answer Type Questions. (Write
the answers in 10-15 lines)
1. Write down the types of e-commerce in detail.
2. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of
E-commerce.
3. Give brief note on various digital or online
payment modes.
4. Describe popular e-learning tools.
5. What is National Academic Depository? How it
differs from Digi Locker?
Ua Aetiutigy
1. Download your 10th class certificate from Digi
Locker.
2. Download E-book of computer science for 11th
Class from PSEB website.
