Chapter: 21 1st Anglo Sikh War; Causes and Results
1)
When did Maharaja Ranjit Singh die?
1839 AD:
2)
When was the first Anglo-Afghan war take place?
From 1839 AD to 1842 AD
3)
Who won the first Anglo-Afghan war?
The Afghans
4)
When did the British annex Sindh?
1843 AD
5)
Who was Major Broadfoot?
Political agent of the British at Ludhiana
6)
Which two senior officials of Lahore State wanted to weaken the Sikh army by
fighting the British?
Lal Singh, Teja Singh
7)
Who declared the First Anglo-Sikh War?
Lord Hardinge
8)
When was the First Anglo-Sikh War declared?
December 13, 1845
9)
Which was the first significant battle of the First Anglo-Sikh War?
The battle of Mudaki
10)
When did the battle of Mudaki take place?
December 18, 1845
11)
Who led the Sikh army in the battle of Mudaki?
Lal Singh
12)
Who led the British in the battle of Mudaki?
Lord Hugh Gough
13)
When was the battle of Feroze Shah fought?
December 21, 1845
14)
Who led the British in the battle of Feroze Shah?
Hugh Gough, John Littleler, Lord
Hardinge
15)
Who led the Sikh army in the battle of Feroze Shah?
Lal Singh, Teja Singh
16)
When was the Battle of Baddowal fought?
January 21, 1846
17)
Who led the British in the battle of Baddowal?
Harry Smith
18)
Who led the Sikh army in the battle of Baddowal?
Ranjodh Singh
19)
Where is Baddowal located?
18 km away from Ludhiana
20)
When did the battle of Aliwal take place?
January 28, 1846
21)
Who led the British in the battle of Aliwal?
Harry Smith
22)
Who led the Sikh army in the battle of Aliwal?
Ranjodh Singh
23)
What was the final battle of the First Anglo-Sikh War?
Battle of Sabhraon
24)
When did the battle of Sabhraon take place?
February 10, 1846 AD
25)
Who led the Sikh army in the battle of Sabhraon?
Lal Singh, Teja Singh
26)
Who led the British in the battle of Sabhrao?
Lord Hugh Gough, Lord Hardinge
27)
Which Sikh general led the Sikh army against the British after the departure of
Lal Singh and Teja Singh from battle field?
Sham Singh Attari Wala
28)
What was the main reason for the defeat of the Sikhs in the First Anglo-Sikh
War?
Betrayal of Lal Singh and Teja Singh
29)
Which treaty was signed between the British and the Lahore Darbar as a result
of the First Anglo-Sikh War?
Treaty of Lahore
30)
When was the Treaty of Lahoresigned?
March 9, 1846
31)
How much compensation was demanded by the British for the first Anglo-Sikh war?
Rs 1.5 crore
32)
According to the Treaty of Lahore, which two territories were given to the British
in lieu of compensation ofrupees one crore.
Kashmir and Hazara
33)
According to the Treaty of Lahore, who became the Maharaja of Lahore?
Maharaja Duleep Singh
34)
Who was the patron of Maharaja Duleep Singh?
Queen Jindan
35)
According to the Treaty of Lahore, who was appointed the Prime Minister of
Lahore?
Lal Singh
36)
How many troops could the state of Lahore have under the Treaty of Lahore?
20000 infantry and 12000 cavalry
37)
When was the Supplemantary Treaty signed?
March 11, 1846
38)
When was the Treaty of Bherowal signed?
December 16, 1846
39)
Which institution was formed to govern the state of Lahore as per the treaty of
Bhairowal?
Council of Regency
40)
On whose advice did the Council of Regency do all the work of adminstration?
British Resident
Questions For Three marks
Question
1. Explain the reasons for the first Anglo-Sikh war?
Answer:
1. British policy of
encircling Punjab
2. Ranjit Singh's incompetent successor
and widespread anarchy in the Punjab.
3. The defeat of the British in the
First Afghan War and the encouragement to the Sikhs.
4. Lal Singh, Teja Singh and Maharani
Jinda inciting the Sikh army against the British so that the power of the Sikh
army could be reduced by fighting the British.
Question-
2. Write a brief note on the battle of Mudaki?
Answer-The first battle between the
British and the Sikhs was fought at Mudaki on 18 December 1848. In this battle
the Sikh army was led by Lal Singh while the British army was led by Lord Hugh
Gough. The Sikh army fought valiantly. But at the same time Lal Singh betrayed
and ran away from the battlefield which led to the defeat of the Sikh army.
Question-
3. Write a brief note on the battle of Feroze Shah?
Answer. The Sikh army was led by
Prime Minister Lal Singh and General Teja Singh in the battle fought between
the Sikhs and the British on 21 December 1845. The British army was led by Lord
Hugh Gough, John Littler and Lord Harding. But the Sikhs lost the battle due to
the betrayal of Lal Singh and Teja Singh.
Question
4. Write a brief note on the battle of Sabhraon?
Answer-The Battle of Sabhraon
(February 10, 1846) was a fierce battle fought between the Sikhs and the British.
Prime Minister Lal Singh and General Teja Singh ran away from the battlefield.
But Sham Singh Atariwala with his bravery inflicted heavy losses on the British
army and was martyred while fighting. The Sikhs were finally defeated.
Question-5.
Who were Lal Singh and Teja Singh?
Answer- Lal Singh was appointed Prime
Minister of the State of Lahore in September 1845 and Teja Singh was appointed
Army Commander- in-Chief. At that time the power of the Sikh army had increased
so much that Lal Singh and Teja Singh became alarmed. Their aim was to weaken
the Sikh army. So they thought that if the Sikh army won the battle against the
British then they would be famous and if the Sikh army lost then the power of
the Sikh army would decrease.
Question
6. Write three conditions of the first treaty of Lahore.
Answer-The
first treaty of Lahore was concluded on 9 March 1846 with the following
conditions.
(1) Maharaja Dalip Singh ceded to the
British all the plains and mountainous areas and forts situated between the
Sutlej and Beas rivers.
(2) The British imposed war damages
of Rs. 1.50 crore on the Sikhs.
(3) The army of Lahore State was
reduced to 20000 infantry and 12000 cavalry.
Question
7. Write the three main conditions of the treaty of Bharowal?
Answer :( 1) The Lahore Darbar will
be governed by a British Resident appointed by the British Governor General
with the help of which a Council of Regency of eight Sardars has been
constituted.
(2) The British army will be stationed
at Lahore to protect the Maharaja and maintain peace in the state at an annual
cost of Rs. 22 lakhs paid by the Lahore Darbar.
(3) Maharani Zinda was separated from
the state administration and given an annual pension of Rs. 1.5 lakh.
Six Marks questions
Question
— 1 What were the main causes of the first Anglo-Sikh war?
Answer- The
important reasons for the First Anglo-Sikh War were as follows:
1. British policy of Encircling the Punjab - Following the imperialist policy, the
Britishers had started besieging the Punjab from the time of Ranjit Singh.
2. Anarchy in Punjab - After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839 AD, anarchy spread in Punjab.
Taking advantage of the situation, the Britishers started inciting the opposing
factions of the Lahore Darbar against each other.
3. British defeat in the First Afghan War - The British suffered a humiliating
defeat in the First Afghan War (1839-1842). This defeat encouraged the Sikhs to
fight against the British.
4. Major Broadfoot's Activities Against the Sikhs - In November 1844, Major Bradfoot was
appointed British Agent at Ludhiana. He was a staunch opponent of the Sikhs. He
did many things to provoke the Sikhs.
5. Incitement of Sikh Army by Lal Singh and Teja Singh – Lal Singh and Teja Singh wanted to
weaken the powerful Khalsa Army by fighting the British. Seeing the military
preparations made by the British, the Khalsa Army was ready for war with the
British.
Question
-2. Write a brief note on the battle of Mudaki.
Answer- The first battle between the
British and the Sikhs was fought on 18 December 1848 at Mudaki. Lal Singh and
Teja Singh divided the Sikh army into two divisions. Lal Singh with only 3500
cavalry, 2000 infantry and 20 artillery pieces reached Mudaki. On the other
hand, the British general Lord Hugh Gough reached Mudaki with a force of 12000
soldiers, 48 artillery pieces and 4 cavalry regiments. When battle started
suddenly Lal Singh ran out of the battle field .The Sikhs fought valiantly in
spite of the betrayal of their general but in the end they were defeated.
Hundreds of Sikh soldiers were killed in the battle, 17 artillery pieces of the
Sikh army were also snatched by the British.But from British side 215 British
soldiers were killed and 657 were injured in this battle
Question
3. Write a brief note on the battle of Feroze Shah or the Ferozepur city?
Answer- The battle between the
British and the Sikhs was fought on 21 December 1845 at Feroze Shah's place. In
this battle 25000 Sikh soldiers with 80 cannons were under Lal Singh and Teja
Singh while 17000 British soldiers under Lord Hugh Gough and John Littler. On December
21, 1845, just an hour before sunset, Lal Singh and Teja Singh ordered the Sikh
troops to attack the British army.The British army suffered heavy losses in
this attack of the Sikh army and the British fled. But the traitors Lal Singh
and Teja Singh fled the battlefield which resulted in the defeat of the British
in a glorious victory. In this battle 4000 Sikhs Soldiers were killed and 73
guns were seized by the British. 695 British soldiers were also killed and 1721
wounded. 103 British officers, including Major Broadfoot, were killed in this
battle.
Question
4. Write a brief note on the battle of Sabhraon?
Answer-The last battle of the First Anglo-Sikh
War took place on 10 February 1846 at a place called Sabhraon. In this battle
30,000 Sikh troops had gathered on the battlefield under Lal Singh and Teja Singh.
15,000 British troops were ready under Lord Hugh Gough. On 10 December 1846,
the British army had to retreat due to an attack by the Sikh army. But Lal
Singh and Teja Singh again betrayed and fled the battlefield with their
comrades .In such a situation, Sikh Sardar Sham Singh Atariwala led the Sikh army
and encouraged the Sikh troops and launched a fierce attack on the British
army. But he was killed in battle and the Sikhs were defeated. 3125 Sikh
soldiers were killed in this battle and from British side 320 British soldiers
were killed and 2063 wounded. Thereafter, on 20 February 1846, the British army
reached Lahore.
Question
5. Write the main terms of the Lahore Treaty after the first Anglo-Sikh war?
Answer- The treaty was signed between
the British and the Lahore Darbar on 9 March 1846. Two days later, on 11 March
1846, some conditions were added to the treaty. The
main conditions of the treaty were as follows.
1. There will always be peace and
friendship between the British Government and Maharaja Dalip Singh and his
successors.
2. End of Maharaja Dalip Singh's
authority over the southern part of the Sutlej.
3. Areas and forts between Sutlej and
Beas rivers handed over to British.
4. The British demanded Rs. 1.5 crore
from the Lahore Darbar as compensation for the war which the Lahore Darbar was
unable to pay. So the Lahore Darbar handed over Kashmir and Hazara territories
to the British for one crore and Lahore Darbar promised to pay the remaining Rs
50 lakh in cash.
5. The infantry of the Lahore Darbar
was reduced to 20,000 and the cavalry to 12,000. The British accepted Maharaja
Dalip Singh as the Maharaja of Lahore, Rani Zinda as his Patron and Lal Singh
as the Prime Minister.
Q
6. What do you know about the Treaty of Bhairowal?
Answer: According to the supplementary
treaty of Lahore of 11 March 1846, the Britishers were to leave Lahore in
December 1846. But Lord Harding wanted to control the state of Lahore.
Therefore a meeting of the Sikh chiefs was convened at the camp of Bhairowal,
near Lahore.So on 16 December 1846, the Treaty of Bhairowal was signed between
the British and the Sikhs. The main conditions of the
treaty were as follows.
1. Until the adulthood of Maharaja Dalip
Singh on 4 September 1854, the state of Lahore would be governed by a British
resident appointed by the British Government.
2. A Council of Regency of eight Sikh
chiefs was set up to assist the British Resident in the administration of the
State of Lahore.
3. Maharani Zinda was separated from the
administration and given an annual pension of Rs. 1.5 lakh.
4. For the protection of Maharaja
Dulip Singh and for peace in the state, the British Army will be stationed in Lahore
at an annual cost of Rs. 22 lakhs paid by the Lahore Darbar.
Question
7. Why did the British not annex Punjab to the British Empire after the First
Anglo-Sikh War?
Answer: Although the British won the
first Anglo-Sikh war, they did not include Punjab in the British Empire. The reasons were as follows.
1. The Sikh army was defeated in the
first Anglo-Sikh war but it was still powerful.
2. The British did not want to occupy
Punjab and wanted to establish Punjab as an intermediate state between India
and Afghanistan so as to reduce the threat from Afghanistan.
3. Occupation of Punjab by the British
did not seem economically justified.
4. The British plan was to weaken
Punjab economically and militarily so that in future the British could occupy
Punjab whenever they wanted.
Question
-8.What were the effects of the first Anglo-Sikh war?
Answer- The
First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-46) had the following effects:
1. The Sikhs suffered heavy loss of
life and property in this war. The British demanded Rs. 1.5 crore from the
Lahore Darbar as compensation for the war which the Lahore Darbar was unable to
pay. So the Lahore Darbar handed over Kashmir and Hazara territories to the
British for one crore and Lahore Darbar promised to pay the remaining Rs 50
lakh in cash.
2. Forts and territories between
Sutlej and Beas were handed over to the British. The infantry of Lahore Darbar
was reduced to 20,000 and the cavalry to 12,000.
3. The administration of the State of
Lahore passed into the hands of a British resident appointed by the British
Government. The Maharaja and Sardars of Lahore remained puppets of the British.
4. Maharani Zinda was separated from the
administration and given an annual pension of Rs. 1.5 lakh
5. Through the Treaty of Bhairowal,
the British Army will be stationed in Lahore at an annual cost of Rs. 22 lakhs
paid by the Lahore Darbar.
6. The honor of the Lahore Darbar was
hurt.
