Chapter: 22 2 st Anglo-Sikh War; Causes and Results & Annexation of the Punjab
1)
After the First Anglo-Sikh War, the British handed over the territory of
Kashmir to whom?
Raja Gulab Singh
2)
Who was made the British Resident of Lahore Darbar as per the treaty of
Bhairaval?
Henry Lawrence
3)
Where was Maharani Jindan deported?
At Banaras
4)
Diwan Mulraj Nazim was the Nazim of which state?
Multan
5)
Who was appointed Nazim of Multan after the resignation of Mulraj?
Sr. Kahan Singh
6)
Chatar Singh Attariwala was the Nazim of which area?
Hazara
7)
When did Lord Dalhousie become the Governor General of India?
1848 AD
8)
What was the policy adopted by Lord Dalhousie to annex Indian states?
The Doctrine of Lapse
9)
Which was the first battle of the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
Battle of Ramnagar
10)
When was the battle of Ramnagar fought?
November 22, 1848
11)
Who led the British in the battle of Ramnagar?
Hugh Gough
12)
Who led the Sikhs in the battle of Ramnagar?
Sher Singh
13)
Name two famous British generals who were killed in the battle of Ramnagar?
General Havelock and General Cureton
14)
When was the Battle of Chilianwala fought?
13 January 1849 AD: to
15)
Who led the British in the battle of Chilianwala?
Hugh Gough
16)
Who led the Sikhs in the battle of Chilianwala?
Sher Singh
17)
Who won the Battle of Chilianwala?
the Sikhs
18)
When did the British besiege the fort of Multan?
December 1, 1848
19)
When did the Mulraj surrender to the British?
January 22, 1849
20)
Name the final battle of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Battle of Gujarat
21)
Who led the Sikh army in the battle of Gujarat?
Sher Singh
22)
Who came to support the Sher Singh in the battle of Gujarat?
Bhai Maharaj Singh and Akram Khan
23)
Who led the British army in the battle of Gujarat?
Hugh Gough
24)
When did the battle of Gujarat begin?
February 21, 1849
25)
By what name is the battle of Gujarat popularly known?
The Battle of Canons
26)
When did Chatar Singh and Sher Singh surrender to the British?
March 10, 1849
27)
Who was the last Sikh Maharaja?
Maharaja Duleep Singh
28)
When was the Lahore Declaration read?
March 29, 1849
29)
Who was appointed the first Chief Commissioner of Punjab?
Henry Lawrence
30)
Which states sided with the British in the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
Patiala, Nabha, Jind, Malerkotla,
Faridkot, Kapurthala
Short Answer type questions
Question1.
What were the three main causes of second Anglo-sikh war?
Answer: 1. The sikhs were defeated in
the first Anglo-sikh war.so they wanted to take revenge for their defeat.
2. The British ill treated maharani
Jindan, her insult infuriated the sikhs.
3. Diwan Moolraj raised the banner of
revolt against the British.
Question
2. What were the causes of Diwan Moolraj revolt against British?
Answer: 1. Diwan Moolraj was appointed
the Nazim of multan in 1844 AD. The amount of revenue paid by him was raised.
2. Diwan Moolraj resigned from the
post of Nazim.kahan Singh was appointed as a new Nazim of multan.two British
officers Agnew and
Anderson were sent to assist him.
3. On April 20 1848 AD, some soldiers
murdered both the British officers.the British blanded Moolraj for this.which
compelled Moolraj to revenge against the British.
Question
3. Write a brief note on the revolt of chattar Singh.
Answer: sardar Chattar Singh attariwala was the Nazim of hazara. Instigaled by Captain Abbott, the Muslims of Hazara attacked the residence of Chattar singh on August 6, 1848 AD. On seeing, this sardar Chattar Singh ordered Col.Canora to take action against the rebelt. Col.Canora who was in league with Captain Abbott, refused to comply with the orders of Chattar singh.captain Abbott dismissed sardar Chattar Singh from his office.as a result Chattar Singh raised the banner of revolt against the British.
Question
4. What do you know about the battle of chillianwala?
Answer: The battle of chillianwala
was an important battle of the second Anglo-sikh war.Lord Huge Gough who was
commanding the British forces was waiting for more military assistance to face the
forces of Sher Singh.well before Chattar Singh could reach.huge Gough attacked
the force of Sher Singh at chillianwala on January 13,1849 AD. In this piched
battle the sikhs fought like devils and artillery take a heavy toll.four British
guns were captured by the sikhs.
Question
5. What was the importance of the battle of Gujrat in the second Anglo-sikh
war?
Answer: The battle of Gujrat was the
last and the most decisive battle of the second Anglo-sikh war.it was fought on
February 22, 1849 AD. In this battle the number of sikh troops was 40,000.they were
jointly lead by Chattar Singh, Sher Singh and bhi Moolraj Singh.on the other
hand, the number of British troops was 68000. They were commanded by Lord Huge Gough
since heavy artillery was used in this battle from both sides.this battle is
also known as battle of guns.the sikh army had to face a crushing defeat.
Therefore on March 29,1849AD. Punjab was annexed to the British empire.
Question
6. Write a note on Bhai Maharaj Singh?
Answer: Bhai Moolraj Singh was the
disciple of famous Nauragabad saint Bhai Bir Singh. He was in favour of
independence of Punjab. He inspired Diwan Moolraj of multan.sardar Chattar
Singh attariwala and his son Sher Singh raise a banner of revolt against the
British. He was self took the leading part in the battle of second Anglo-sikh
war. He died in Singapore jail on July 5,1856A.D.
Long Answer type questions
Question
1. What were the causes of second Anglo-sikh war?
Answer:
1. Sikhs desire to revenge their defeat: Sikhs were defeated in the first Anglo-sikh war against the British, but
this did not demoralize them. They knew very well the main cause of their
defeat was the treachery of sikh leaders.therefore they wanted to revenge their
defeat.
2. Treaties of Lahore and Bhairowal: After the first Anglo-sikh war, the
British forced the Lahore darbar to sign the treaties of Lahore and Bhairowal.
These treaties had almost ended the sovereignty of sikh empire. The people of Punjab
could not tolerate it and wanted to fight one more war with the British.
3. Resentment among sikh soldiers: According to the treaty of Lahore, the British had fixed the strength of khalsa army at 20,000 infantry and 12,000 cavalry.thousands of sikh soldiers were disbanded. They felt that it was the high handerdness of British government.
4. Harsh treatment to maharani Jindan: The humiliating treatment to Maharaja
Ranjit Singh s widow maharani Jindan, further aggravated the resentment of the
sikhs.
5. Revolt of Diwan Moolraj: The revolt of Diwan Moolraj of multan
was one of the most potent causes which led to the second Anglo-sikh war.
6. Policy of Lord Dalhousie: In1848 A.D.Lord Dalhousie become the
new governor-general of India.he was looking for and opportunity to annexe
punjab.he got this Chance when Diwan moolraj.Chattar Singh and sher Singh had
raised a banner of revolt against the British.
Question
2. What were the result of second Anglo-sikh war?
Answer: The
second Anglo-sikh war had for- reaching consequences, it may be summerised as
follows:
1. End of the empire of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The most significant result of the second Anglo-sikh war was this.that it
completely brought an end the empire. The last sikh Maharaja Dalip Singh was
dehraned.
2. Sikh army was disbanded: After the second Anglo-sikh war, the
sikh army was disbanded and majority of these soldiers were engaged in forming.
3. Punishment to Moolraj: Diwan Moolraj had been awarded the
death sentence to the change of the murder of two British officers, hated on it
was converted into kalapani and he was sent to Andaman.
4. Punishment to Chattar singh and Sher Singh: The British government had imprisoned sardar Chattar Singh and his son
Sher Singh. They were first kept in Allahabad jail and then transferred to the
Calcutta jail.
5. New administration for the Punjab: After the annexation of the Punjab to
the British empire, the British established a board of administration to run
the administration of Punjab.
6. Friendly attitude towards princly states of the Punjab: During the second Anglo-sikh war the states of patiala, Nabha,jind,
Malerkotla and kapurthala had given co- operation to the Britishers.so the
Britishers continued their friendly relations with them and did not annexe them
to the British empire.
Question
3. Was the annexation of Punjab by Lord Dalhousie justified? Give six reasons
for it?
Answer: Following
reasons are given in favor of Dalhousies policy of annexation of the Punjab:
1 sikhs had broken their promises: Lord Dalhousie had accused that the sikhs
had violated the terms of the treaty of Bhairowal through treaty.the sikhs
promised to co-operate with British resident but they did not keep the word and
raised the banner of revolt against the british.so the annexation of Punjab was
essential.
2. Punjab remained no more a good buffer state: After the first Anglo-sikh war, Punjab was not annexed to British empire
because for britisher Punjab would prove useful buffer state between Afganistan
and britisher, but it proved to be wrong and annexation was essential.
3. Non- payment of the loans: Lord Dalhousie levelled a charge
against the Lahore darbar that according to the terms of the treaty of bhairowal.she
was to pay RS 22 lakhs annually to the british.but the Lahore darbar broke
their term also.therefore the annexation of the Punjab was justified.
4. It was advantageous to annexe Punjab: After the victory in the first Anglo-sikh war, the British had not
annexed Punjab to the British empire.but after having lived in the Punjab for
two years.they realized that it could prove useful to them not only from economic
point of view but also from Mary other angles.so Lord Dalhousie decided to take
possession of the Punjab.
5. Advantageous for the people of Punjab: According to Lord Dalhousie annexation of the Punjab was advantageous for
the people of Punjab by doing this.the anarehy prevelen in Punjab was removed
and many reforms were made in administration. As a result the people heaved a sign
of relief.
6. Annexation of Punjab was inevitable: It was said that if thePunjab had not been annexed to the British empire,
the sikhs would have continued to hatch consireaies against the British empire
for their freedom.it would have affected the other parts of India also.lord Dalhousie
considered it necessary to annexe the Punjab to the British empire.
Question
4. Write the brief note on Maharaja Dalip Singh?
Answer: Maharaja Dalip Singh was the
youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.he became the ruler of Punjab on September
15,1843A.D. at that time he was only 5 years old.as a result maharani Jindan
was mode his regent Maharaja Dalip Singh appointed Hira Singh as the prime minister
of Punjab. Although Hira Singh was very wise.he had annoyed most of the
courtiers by appointing pandit Jalla to the post of Madhir-i-khas. After the
murder of Hira Singh in1844 A.D. Jawahar Singh became the new prime minister of
the state. Jawahar Singh also was murdered by some soldiers and there after Lal
Singh was appointed to the post of prime Minister. He was already in league
with the British consiquenty, The sikhs had to face defeat in the first and second
Anglo-sikh wars. The British dethroned Maharaja Dalip Singh and annexed Punjab
to The British empire on 29 March 1849 A.D.
Question
5. Write brief note on maharani Jindan. (Jind kaur)
Answer: Maharani Jindan was the mother
of Maharaja Dalip Singh and queen of Maharaja Ranjit singh.when Dalip Singh
became the new king of the Punjab on September 15,1843A.D. Maharani Jindan was
appointed as his regent.soon she became the symbol of Punjab resurgence.she
wanted to maintain the independence of Punjab at all costs, her activities
irked the British government consequently, she was dispossessed of all her powers
through the treaty of bhairowal.she was ill treated in jail.in may maharani
Jindan succeeded in reaching Nepal in disguise in April 1849 AD. When Maharaja
Dalip Singh come to India from England in 1861 AD. Maharani came to see him
from Nepal. Maharaja Dalip Singh took his mother to England along with him.but
the English did not allow them to live together. On August 1, 1863 AD.she died broken
hearted.
